Gradiente Expert
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| Also known as | Expert XP-800 |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Gradiente Eletrônica |
| Type | home computer |
| Released | December 1985 |
| Discontinued | 1990 |
| MSX BASIC, MSX-DOS, CP/M | |
| CPU | Zilog Z80A @ 3.58 MHz |
| Memory | 64 KB–4096 KB (max.) |
| Cassette tape, cartridges, floppy discs | |
| Graphics | TMS9918 |
| Sound | AY-3-8910 |
| MSX | |
| Successor | Expert GPC-1 |
The Expert (or Expert XP-800), made by Gradiente Eletrônica (to date best known as a game console and Hi-Fi equipment company) was the second and last MSX home computer launched in the Brazilian market, in the mid-1980s.[1]
It was presented to the public at the 5th International Computing Fair, nicknamed "Informatica '85".[2] The event took place at Anhembi Convention Center in the city of São Paulo from September 23 to 29, 1985.[3] At the announcement, the computer was priced 65 ORTN s.[4]
Its market release date was 1 December 1985, one week after Epcom's Hotbit, just in time for 1985's Christmas and with a massive media campaign on magazines, newspapers and TV. In the newspapers ads the initial offer price was Cr$ 4,640,000, or US$470 by the value at the time,[5] or US$1,390 by Q2 2025.
The machine was a clone of the National CF-3000, with a computer case resembling a stereo system, a detached keyboard with a proprietary connector, no caps lock LED and no reset key,[1] although the soft-reset could be achieved by pressing simultaneously the keys Shift + Control + Delete, while a hard-reset could be achieved by pushing in either of the cartridge slot covers, if they were free.[6][7]
The Expert XP-800 was followed by the Expert GPC-1 ("Gradiente Personal Computer") in 1987, and by Expert Plus and Expert DD Plus (a system with a built-in 720 KB 3Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄2" floppy disk drive) in 1989.[8]
The Expert users waited for an MSX2 machine, but Gradiente never produced it[8] and discontinued the MSX line in 1990.
Versions XP-800/GPC-1
The two first versions had a graphite case and socketed chips, which caused a chronic problem: when the machine heated, the chips frequently pulled out and the system "froze". Also, the GPC-1, released in 1987, had a ROM slightly modified to solve an ASCII table compatibility issue with the other popular Brazilian MSX, Sharp's Hotbit.
Versions Plus/DD Plus
The last two versions had a black case and the problematic socketed chips were replaced by an ASIC. Nevertheless, the RAM was mapped to a secondary slot and, although it was straight by the MSX standards, caused a lot of crashes with programs who searched for memory in the wrong place. It did not contribute for the popularity of any of the Plus versions.[8]
These machines used the MSX-Engine T7937A instead of the Z80A CPU of previous models.
Technical specifications
| CPU | Zilog Z80A (XP-800 & GPC-1) @ 3.58 MHz MSX-Engine T7937A (Plus & DD Plus) @ 3.58 MHz |
| VDP | TMS9918 |
| RAM | 64 KB |
| VRAM | 16 KB |
| ROM | 32 KB |
| Keyboard | mechanic, 89 keys (with 4 cursor keys), number pad |
| Display | text: 40×24 rows; graphics: 256×192 pixels, 16 colours, 32 sprites |
| Sound | General Instrument AY-3-8910 (PSG), 3 voices, white noise |
| Ports | 2 joystick connectors, TV out, RGB monitor out, sound out, tape recorder connector, parallel port, 2 cartridge slots |
| Storage | tape recorder (1200/2400 bit/s) or one or two external floppy drives (5Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄4", 360 KB or 3Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1⁄2", 720 KB) |
Peripherals
- DR-1 ("data-corder"): tape recorder
- JS-1: joystick
- MBW-12: 12" green CRT monochrome monitor
- TA-1: TV adapter
- TM-1: 1200/75 bit/s modem with a RS-232C port
Notes
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- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Gradiente Expert XP-800". www.old-computers.com. Retrieved 2023-05-20.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."5ª Sucesu e 18º Cong. Nacional da Informática". Museu de Eventos - Anhembi (in Portuguese). 2015-05-18. Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2023-05-20.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Uma Vitrine Renovada" (PDF). VEJA (in Portuguese). No. 891. October 2, 1985. pp. 88, 89. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 18, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2018.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Informática 85: o que há de novo no setor" (PDF). Micro Sistemas (in Portuguese). September 1985. p. 36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2022-12-16.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."BRENO ROSSI shop advertising". O Estado de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). No. 33.987. December 15, 1985. p. 24.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Gradiente Expert XP-800". MSX Resource Center. March 8, 2023.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Expert". Museu da Computação e Informática - MCI (in Portuguese). 2004. Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2023-05-20.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."GRADIENTE Expert Plus". OLD-COMPUTERS.COM.
