Grebo language
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| Grebo | |
|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "native name". | |
| Native to | Liberia |
Native speakers | (390,000 cited 2001)[1] possibly a few Southern Grebo in Ivory Coast, plus refugees |
Niger–Congo?
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | Template:ISO 639-2 |
| ISO 639-3 | grb – inclusive codeIndividual codes: grj – Southern (including Jabo)grv – Centralgbo – Northerngec – Gboloogry – Barclayvilleoub – Glio-Ubi |
| Glottolog | greb1256 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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Grebo is a Kru language of Liberia. All of the Grebo languages are referred to as Grebo, though in Ivory Coast, Krumen is the usual name. The Grebo people live in the extreme south-west of Liberia, both on the coast and inland, between the rivers Cavally and Cess.[2]
As in the other Kru languages, tone is extremely important. For instance, Script error: No such module "Lang". with a high (or high-mid) tone is the first-person pronoun "I", while Script error: No such module "Lang". with a low tone is the singular form of "you".[3]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio- velar |
Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lab. | |||||||
| Nasal | voiced | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋʷ | ŋ͡m | |
| voiceless | m̥ | n̥ | ||||||
| Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | k͡p | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | ɡ͡b | |||
| Fricative | f | s | h | |||||
| Approximant | voiced | w | l | j | ||||
| voiceless | w̥ | l̥ | ||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | ret. | plain | ret. | ||
| Close | i | u | |||
| Close-mid | e | e̠ | o | o̠ | |
| Open-mid | ɛ | ɔ | |||
| Open | a | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | ĩ | ũ | |
| Close-mid | ẽ | õ | |
| Open-mid | ɛ̃ | ɔ̃ | |
| Open | ã |
Vowels /e̠, o̠/ are considered as retracted or "muffled" vowels according to source.[4]
References
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- ^ Barclayville Grebo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Gordon Innes, A Grebo - English Dictionary, Cambridge University Press, 1967
- ^ Gordon Innes, as above. A dictionary was compiled from previous dictionaries and the speech of Assistant 1955-1957 at the School of Oriental and African Studies, London, Mr. J.Y.Dennis
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Innes, Gordon (1966). An Introduction to Grebo. London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
External links
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.John Payne (Bp.) (1860). A dictionary of the Grebo language. E.O. Jenkins. Retrieved 25 August 2012.
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