Guard dog
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A guard dog or watchdog is a dog used to watch for and guard people or property against unwanted human or animal intruders.[1][2] A dog trained to attack intruders is known as an attack dog.
History
Dogs have been used as guardians since ancient times. The ancient Romans placed Cave canem mosaics at the entrance of homes to warn visitors and intruders of the presence of dangerous dogs at the property.[3]
One of the first dog types used as guardians were Mastiff-type landraces of livestock guardian dogs, which protected livestock against large predators such as wolves, bears and leopards.[4] In Greek mythology, Orthrus is an example of a livestock guardian dog known for guarding Geryon's red cattle. In more urban areas, some ancient guard dogs, such as the extinct bandogges, were chained during the day and released at night[5] to protect properties, camps and villages.
Barking
Guard dogs bark loudly to alert their owners of an intruder's presence and to scare away the intruder.[6]
Livestock guardian dogs are often large enough—50–100 kilograms (110–220 lb)—and strong enough to attack and drive away livestock predators.[4] Guard dogs bark to alert their master and to warn of approaching animal or human threats prior to their interception of the trespasser.
Specifically, livestock guardian dogs such as the Kangal use loud alarm barks as a first line of defense against presumed threats; if these do not deter a perceived foe, other displays, such as bluffing and charging, are employed. For livestock guardians, proactive forms of defense such as biting are only used if all other forms of deterrence fail.
If the risk is from human intruders, a suitable dog can be trained to be aggressive towards unrecognized humans and then tethered or enclosed in an area that the owner wishes to protect when he is not around (such as at night).[7]
Breeds
Many currently prominent guard dogs started as general purpose farm dogs, but gradually developed into guard breeds. However, dog breeds such as the Dobermann and the Dogue Brasileiro were specifically bred to guard.[8][9][unreliable source?] Guard dog breeds tend to be territorial, averse to strangers, dominant, and protective and loyal.
Legality
The laws regarding ownership and usage of guard dogs vary from country to country.[10][11][1] In England, the main legislation relating to the use of guard dogs on commercial premises are contained within the 1975 Guard Dogs Act. The act specifies the requirements of kennels and the need to display guard dog warning signs at the entrance to sites.[12]
See also
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References
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- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Department of Economic Development, Jobs. "Guard dogs". agriculture.vic.gov.au. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Definition of GUARD DOG". www.merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Pompeii guard dog mosaic back on show". 27 July 2015. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Livestock Guardian Dogs and Their Care in Winter". www.omafra.gov.on.ca. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Beilby, Ralph (1792). A General History of Quadrupeds: The Figures Engraved on Wood. S. Hodgson, R. Beilby, & T. Bewick.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Clayden, Paul (1 May 2011). The Dog Law Handbook. Sweet & Maxwell. ISBN 9780414048188.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tierney, John (11 June 2011). "For the Executive With Everything, a $230,000 Dog to Protect It". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 March 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."DPCA | The Doberman | History". dpca.org. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Brazilian Dogo – Facts, Pictures, Puppies, Price, Temperament, Breeders | Animals Adda". 19 April 2018. Archived from the original on 17 July 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Guard Dogs Act 1975". www.legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Permits and Housing of Guard Dogs – 6.10". Town of Rangely. 30 March 2016. Archived from the original on 3 May 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Guard Dogs Act 1975". www.legislation.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 2 December 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
External links
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