Hatuey
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| Hatuey of Guahabá | |
|---|---|
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| Cacique of Guahabá[1] | |
| Born | Script error: No such module "person date". Hispaniola |
| Died | Script error: No such module "person date". Baracoa, Cuba |
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| Known for | Being Cuba's "first national hero" |
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Hatuey (/ɑːˈtweɪ/), also Hatüey (/ˌɑːtuˈeɪ/; died February 2, 1512), was a Taíno Cacique (chief) of the Hispaniolan cacicazgo of Guanaba (in present-day La Gonave, Haiti).[1] He lived from the late 15th until the early 16th century. Chief Hatuey and many of his tribesmen travelled from present-day La Gonave by canoe to Cuba to warn the Indigenous people in Cuba about the Spaniards that were arriving to conquer the island.
He later attained legendary status for leading a group of Natives in a fight against the invasion of the Spaniards, thus becoming one of the first fighters against Spanish colonialism in the New World. He is celebrated as "Cuba's first national hero".[3]
Life and death
In 1511, Diego Velázquez set out from Hispaniola to what is now known as present-day Guantánamo Province in easternmost Cuba to conquer and subjugate the local Indigenous population, who had previously been recorded there by Christopher Columbus. Velázquez was preceded, however, by Hatuey, who fled Hispaniola with a party of four hundred in canoes and warned some of the Native people of eastern Cuba about what to expect from the Spaniards.[4]
Bartolomé de Las Casas later attributed the following speech to Hatuey which was addressed against Christianity. He showed the Taíno of Caobana a basket of gold and jewels, saying:
The Taíno chiefs in Cuba did not respond to Hatuey's message, and few joined him to fight. Hatuey resorted to guerrilla tactics against the Spaniards, and was able to confine them for a time. He and his fighters were able to kill at least eight Spanish soldiers. Eventually, using mastiff dogs and torturing the native people for information, the Spaniards succeeded in capturing him. On 2 February 1512, he was tied to a stake and burned alive at Yara, near the present-day city of Bayamo.[5]
Before he was burned, a priest asked Hatuey if he would accept Jesus and go to heaven. Las Casas recalled the reaction of the chief:
Legacy
Hatuey is considered "Cuba's first national hero" and one of the earliest fighters against Spanish colonialism.[3] The town of Hatuey, located south of Sibanicú in the Camagüey Province of Cuba, was named after him.
Hatuey also lives on as a beer brand name. Beer has been brewed in Santiago de Cuba and sold under the Hatuey brand name since 1927, initially by the native Cuban company, Compañia Ron Bacardi S.A. After nationalization of industry in 1960, brewing was taken over by Empresa Cerveceria Hatuey Santiago. Beginning in 2011, the Bacardi family again began making beers in the United States to market under the Hatuey label.[6][7] Hatuey is also a brand of a type of sugary, non-alcoholic malt beverage called malta.[8][full citation needed][9] Hatuey is also a Dominican brand of soda cracker.[10][full citation needed]
The logo of the Cuban cigar and cigarette brand Cohiba is a picture of Hatuey.
In a 2010 film shot in Bolivia, Even the Rain, Hatuey is a main character in the film-within-the-film. The film includes a cinematic account of Hatuey's execution.[11]
Fine arts
The imagery of Hatuey has been appropriated and/or incorporated into diverse artistic genres, most notably into the Afro-Cuban Yiddish opera, Hatuey: Memory of Fire.[12][13][14] In the visual arts, multiple artists have used the Taíno chief's image, most notably Cuban-American artist Ric Garcia[15] and U.S. Marine Corps artist Donald Dickson,[16] among others.
See also
- List of Taínos
- Taíno people
- Radbod of Frisia, who claimed a similar preference to "be in hell [rather] than to go to heaven"
References
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- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Taínos: Past & Present". Powhatan Museum. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023.
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- ^ a b Running Fox (January 1998). "The Story of Cacique Hatuey, Cuba's First National Hero". La Voz del Pueblo Taíno [The Voice of the Taíno People]. United Confederation of Taíno People, U.S. Regional Chapter.
- ^ J. A. Sierra (August 2006). "The Legend of Hatuey". The History of Cuba. Retrieved September 9, 2006.
- ^ Barreiro, Jose (1990). "A Note on Taino". In Akwe, Cornell. View From the Shore. Pon Press.[page needed]
- ^ Klein, Lee (December 6, 2011). "Hatuey Beer Returns as a Microbrew". Miami New Times..
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Bacardi Launches National Distribution of Hatuey". Brewbound. November 21, 2014. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- ^ "Soda Pop Stop". Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Quaffmaster. "Malta Hatuey". Weird Soda Review. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Hatuey".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Holden, Stephen (February 17, 2011). "Discovering Columbus's Exploitation". The New York Times. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bronxnet. "OPEN Artist Spotlight with cast of Hatuey: Memory of Fire". Bronxnet. Archived from the original on May 14, 2021. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Afro-Cuban Yiddish opera with music by The Klezmatics' Frank London". Arts & Cultural Programming. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Hatuey Memory Of Fire". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Hatuey: Rebel Chief – Maryland Milestones". Archived from the original on August 15, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Conner, Owen L. (August 6, 2020). "The Drinks of the Marine Corps: Hatuey Beer". National Museum of the Marine Corps. Archived from the original on February 26, 2021. Retrieved August 4, 2021.
External links
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