Helenium autumnale

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Scientific classification Edit this classification
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Binomial name
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L. 1753
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Synonyms[1]
  • Heleniastrum autumnale (L.) Kuntze
  • Helenium canaliculatum Lam.
  • Helenium latifolium Mill.
  • Helenium macranthum Rydb.
  • Helenium montanum Nutt.
  • Helenium parviflorum Nutt.

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Helenium autumnale is a North American species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Common names include common sneezeweed and large-flowered sneezeweed.[3][4][5]

Description

File:Bloemknop van een Helenium autumnale. 20-08-2023. (d.j.b).jpg
Close-up of flower

Common sneezeweed is a perennial herb up to Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.130 cm (51+1⁄3 in; 4+1⁄3 ft) tall. In late summer and fall, one plant can produce as many as 100 yellow flower heads in a branching array. Each head has yellow 11–21 ray florets surrounding sometimes as many as 800 yellow disc florets.[6][7] Leaves are dark green, alternate, and lance-shaped. The Latin specific epithet autumnale is in reference to the plant's autumn flowering.[8]

File:Zaad knopjes van een Helenium autumnale. 03-03-2026. (d.j.b).jpg
Almost empty seed pods of a Helenium autumnale in March.

Distribution and habitat

This plant is widespread across much of the United States and Canada, from Northwest Territories as far south as far northern California, Arizona, Louisiana, and Florida. It has not been found in southern or central California, nor in the four Atlantic Provinces of Canada.[9][10][11][12] It grows in moist, open areas along streams and ponds as well as wet meadows.[13]

Ecology

The flowers attract various pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and wasps. Because the plant is pollinated by insects, not wind pollinated, it does not cause seasonal allergies or sneezing, despite its common name.[7] The plant is poisonous to rumanites. [14]

Cultivation

Common sneezeweed is cultivated as a garden perennial. There are multiple named varieties varying in color and height. 'Pumilum Magnificum' is a yellow variety about two feet tall. 'Bruno', a reddish-brown cultivar, 'Kupfersprudel', which is yellow/orange, and 'Butterpat', which is golden, all grow 3 to 3.5 feet (91 to 107 centimetres) tall. 'Chippersfield Orange' is up to 0.91 metres (3 ft) tall and is orange streaked with gold.[15]

Uses

Health

Only in small amounts, the plant has some health benefits. The dried nearly mature flower heads are used in a powdered form as a snuff to treat colds and headaches. When made into a tea they are used in the treatment of intestinal worms. The powdered leaves are sternutatory. An infusion of the leaves is laxative and alterative. An infusion of the stems has been used as a wash in the treatment of fevers. The plant contains helenalin, a compound that has shown significant anti-tumour activity.[1]

Folk remedies

The plant owes its name to the use of its dried leaves in snuff, the inhaling of which causes sneezing—supposedly casting out evil spirits.[16][17]

References

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  1. ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wilkinson, Kathleen (1999), Wildflowers of Alberta A Guide to Common Wildflowers and Other Herbaceous Plants, Edmonton, Alberta: Lone Pine Publishing and University of Alberta, p. 112, ISBN 0-88864-298-9
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peterson, Roger T.; McKenny, Margaret (1968), A Field Guide to Wildflowers of Northeastern and North-Central North America (9th ed.), Boston: Houghton Mifflin, ISBN 0-395-91172-9
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vance, F R; J.R. Rowsey, J.S. Maclean and F.A. Switzer (1999), Wildflowers across the prairies: With a new section on Grasses, sedges and rushes, Vancouver, British Columbia: Western Producer Prairie Books, p. 299, ISBN 1-55054-703-8
  6. ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  7. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Common Sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale)". www.illinoiswildflowers.info.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Helenium autumnale - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  9. ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  10. ^ Template:BONAP
  11. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
  12. ^ Calflora taxon report, University of California, Helenium autumnale L., common sneezeweed
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  14. ^ Sneezeweed (Helenium hoopesii). Agricultural Research Service. Retrieved on 25 Sept. 2023
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Crockett, James U. (1972), Perennials (2 ed.), New York: Time-Life Books
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 383. ISBN 0-394-50432-1.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Trull, Sue. "Plant of the Week: Common sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale L. var. autumnale)". US Forestry Service. Retrieved 10 June 2024. The common name is based on historic use of the crushed dried leaves and heads to make a form of snuff that caused sneezing. In certain cultures and times, sneezing was regarded as a desirable way to rid the body of evil spirits or a way to loosen up a head cold, so that a sneeze-producing remedy was desirable.

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