Help:IPA/Basque
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< Help:IPA
Template:IPA key The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Basque language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Basque dialects for a more thorough discussion of regional variation.
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Notes
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- ^ a b c Lenition of Script error: No such module "IPA". occurs in regular speech in most Southern Basque dialects. Template:Harvcoltxt.
- ^ Silent in Southern Basque dialects.
- ^ The realisation of the grapheme j varies depending on dialect and can be Script error: No such module "IPA".. The last, resembling Scottish English loch, is typical of Gipuzkoan, and it has also become common in eastern varieties of Biscayan and the Sakana variety of the Upper Navarrese. However, the standard pronunciation ruled by Euskaltzaindia is Script error: No such module "IPA"., and is the one followed in this help.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Euskaltzaindia. "Ñ Letra". Retrieved 4 January 2024.
- ^ The double rr is pronounced as a trill [r] in Southern Basque dialects but is often a guttural [ʁ] in Northern Basque dialects, especially among younger speakers. Template:Harvcoltxt Template:Harvcoltxt.
- ^ a b c d e f g Basque contrasts two consonants that sound similar to the Script error: No such module "IPA". of English: Script error: No such module "IPA"., which is laminal, and Script error: No such module "IPA"., which is apical. Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". are contrasted the same way. The contrast between Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". is similar to the contrast between Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". in Polish.
- ^ Only occurring in Souletin.
- ^ These dialects include Southern England (including Received Pronunciation), English Midlands, Australian, New Zealand, the Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and younger Californian English. Other dialects of English, such as most other forms of American English, Northern England English, Welsh English, Scottish English and Irish English, have no close equiavalent vowel.
- ^ Stress in Basque is complex and varies between regions, the Euskaltzaindia broadly recommends high-pitched weak stress on the second syllable of a syntagma.
- ^ Secondary stress is low-pitched and weaker than primary stress, with the recommendation being for it to be the last syllable broadly speaking.
References
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Egurtzegi, Ander; Carignan, Christopher (April 2020). "An acoustic description of Mixean Basque". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 147 (4): 2791–2802. doi:10.1121/10.0000996.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hualde, José Ignacio (1991), Basque Phonology, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-05655-1
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Saltarelli, Mario (1988), Basque, Croom Helm, ISBN 0-415-03681-X
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Trask, Larry (June 1978). "Basque (Western Low Navarrese dialect)". Journal of the International Phonetic Association. 8 (1–2): 75–79. doi:10.1017/S0025100300001754. JSTOR 44541406.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Trask, Larry (1997), The History of Basque, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-13116-2
See also
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