Help:IPA/Bengali
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< Help:IPA
Charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Bengali pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Bengali phonology and Bengali alphabet for a more thorough look at the sounds of Bengali.
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Notes
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- ^ a b /bʱ/ is phonetically realised either as [Script error: No such module "IPA".] or /β/ (phonetically [v~β]) depending on the speaker and variety. /β/ can additionally occur as an allophone of /bʱ/ in foreign loan words e.g. ভিসা [βisa] 'visa'.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Bengali contrasts dental [t] and [d] with apical postalveolar [ʈ] and [ɖ] (as well as aspirated variants). Both sets sound like /t/ and /d/ to most English speakers although the dental [t] and [d] are used in place of the English /θ/ and /ð/ for some speakers with th-stopping.
- ^ a b ⟨Script error: No such module "Lang".⟩ and ⟨Script error: No such module "Lang".⟩ may represent a voiced affricate /dʒ/ in Standard Bengali words of native origin, but they can also represent /z/ in foreign words and names (Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'zakah charity', Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'Aziz'). However, many speakers usually replace Script error: No such module "IPA". with Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- ^ /ɦ/ may be devoiced to [h] in word-initial or final positions, with [ɦ] occurring medially.
- ^ a b /pʰ/ is phonetically realised either as [Script error: No such module "IPA".] or /ɸ/ (phonetically [f~ɸ]) depending on the speaker and variety. /ɸ/ can additionally occur as an allophone of /pʰ/ in foreign loan words e.g. Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". 'fan'.
- ^ The phonetic realisation of /r/ is usually an alveolar tap [ɾ] but can also be an alveolar approximant [ɹ] or, very rarely, an alveolar trill [r] depending on the variety and speaker.
- ^ a b c /j/ occurs in some pronunciations of Bengali vowel clusters as a result of the semivowels /e̯ i̯/ undergoing fortitional merging, such as Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"..
- ^ a b c /w/ may occur as a fortitional allophone of the semivowels /o̯/ and /u̯/, especially in loan words e.g. ওয়াদা [wada] 'promise', উইলিয়াম [wiliam] 'William'.
- ^ https://archive.org/details/dli.calcutta.10258
- ^ Mainly occurs as an allophone of [n] in conjunct with other postalveolar (retroflex) consonants.
- ^ Usually pronounced as a near-open [æ] (Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.) but may also be pronounced and transcribed in IPA as open-mid [ɛ] (Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.).
- ^ These dialects include Southern England (including Received Pronunciation), English Midlands, Australian, New Zealand, the Southern American, Midland American, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Western Pennsylvania and younger Californian English. Other dialects of English, such as most other forms of American English, Northern England English, Welsh English, Scottish English and Irish English, have no close equiavalent vowel.
- ^ a b Primary stress usually occurs in word-initial positions with secondary stress occurring afterwards.
Bibliography
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- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Khan, Sameer ud Dowla (2010), "Bengali (Bangladeshi Standard)" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 221–225, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000071
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Thompson, Hanne-Ruth (2020), Bengali: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Comprehensive Grammars), 1 (1 ed.), Routledge, p. 23, ISBN 978-0415411394
See also
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