Help:IPA/Italian

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Script error: No such module "about". Template:IPA key

The charts below show how the International Phonetic Alphabet represents pronunciations of Standard Italian in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Italian phonology and Italian orthography for a more thorough look at the sounds of standard Italian.

Consonants[1]
IPA Examples English approximation
b banca, cibo about
d dove, idra, dado today
dz zaino, azalea, mezzo[2][3] dads
dʒ gelo, giù, magia job
f fatto, cifra, fon fast
ɡ gatto, agro, ghetto, glicosio[4] again
k cosa, acuto, finché, quei, kiwi, koala scar
l lato, tela, glicosio[4] ladder
ʎ figli, glielo, maglia[3] billion
m mano, amare[5] mother
ɱ anfibio, invece[5] comfort
n nano, punto, pensare, mangiare[5] nest
ŋ unghia, anche, dunque[5] sing
ɲ gnocco, ogni[3][5] canyon
p primo, ampio, apertura spin
r Roma, quattro, morte[6] trilled r
s sano, scusa, presentire, pasto[7] sorry
ʃ scena, scià, pesci[3] shoe
t tranne, mito, altro star
ts zio, sozzo, marzo[2][3] cats
tʃ certo, ciao, farmacia check
v vado, povero vent
z sbirro, presentare, asma[7] amazon
Non-native consonants
h hobby, hertz[8] house
θ Thatcher, Pérez[9] thing
x jota, Bach, khamsin[10] loch (Scottish English)
ʒ Fuji, garage, casual vision
Vowels[11]
IPA Examples English approximation
a alto, sarà fast (Scottish English)
e vero, perché fade
ɛ etto, cioè bed
i viso, sì, zia ski
o ombra, otto story
ɔ otto, sarò off
u usi, ragù, tuo rule
Non-native vowels
ø viveur, goethiano, Churchill[12] murder (RP)
y parure, brûlé, Führer[13] future (Scottish English)
 
Semivowels
IPA Examples English approximation
j ieri, saio, più, Jesi yes
w uova, guado, qui wine
 
Suprasegmentals
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ Cennini Script error: No such module "IPA". primary stress
ˌ altamente Script error: No such module "IPA". secondary stress[14]
. continuo Script error: No such module "IPA". syllable break
ː primo Script error: No such module "IPA". long vowel[15]

See also

Notes

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  1. ^ Except /z/, all consonants after a vowel and before Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., a vowel or a semivowel may be geminated. Gemination in IPA is represented by doubling the consonant (fatto Script error: No such module "IPA"., mezzo Script error: No such module "IPA".), and can usually be told from orthography. After stressed vowels and certain prepositions and conjunctions, word-initial consonants also become geminated (syntactic gemination): va via Script error: No such module "IPA"..
  2. ^ a b ⟨z⟩ represents both Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA".. The article on Italian orthography explains how they are used.
  3. ^ a b c d e Script error: No such module "IPA". are always geminated after a vowel.
  4. ^ a b ⟨gli⟩ represents Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA"., except in roots of Greek origin, when preceded by another consonant, and in a few other words, where it represents Script error: No such module "IPA"..
  5. ^ a b c d e A nasal always assimilates to the place of articulation of the following consonant. It is bilabial Script error: No such module "IPA". before Script error: No such module "IPA"., labiodental Script error: No such module "IPA". before Script error: No such module "IPA"., dental, alveolar or postalveolar Script error: No such module "IPA". before Script error: No such module "IPA"., and velar Script error: No such module "IPA". before Script error: No such module "IPA".. Utterance-finally, it is always Script error: No such module "IPA"..
  6. ^ Non-geminate Script error: No such module "IPA". is generally realised as a monovibrant trill or flap [ɾ], particularly in unstressed syllables.
  7. ^ a b Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". contrast only intervocalically. Word-initially, after consonants, when geminated, and before voiceless consonants, only Script error: No such module "IPA". is found. Before voiced consonants, only Script error: No such module "IPA". is found.
  8. ^ Script error: No such module "IPA". is normally dropped, though it can be used in the intentional pronunciation of foreign words and names containing Script error: No such module "IPA"..
  9. ^ Script error: No such module "IPA". is usually pronounced as [t] in English loanwords, and [dz], [ts] (if spelled ⟨z⟩) or [s] (if spelled ⟨c⟩ or ⟨z⟩) in Spanish ones.
  10. ^ In Spanish loanwords, Script error: No such module "IPA". is usually pronounced as [h] or [k] or dropped. In German, Arabic and Russian ones, it is usually pronounced [k].
  11. ^ Italian contrasts seven monophthongs in stressed syllables. Open-mid vowels Script error: No such module "IPA". can appear only if the syllable is stressed (coperto Script error: No such module "IPA"., quota Script error: No such module "IPA".), close-mid vowels Script error: No such module "IPA". are found elsewhere (Boccaccio Script error: No such module "IPA"., amore Script error: No such module "IPA".). Close and open vowels Script error: No such module "IPA". are unchanged in unstressed syllables, but word-final unstressed Script error: No such module "IPA". may become approximant [j] before vowels, which is known as synalepha (pari età Script error: No such module "IPA".).
  12. ^ Open-mid [œ] or close-mid [ø] if it is stressed but usually [ø] if it is unstressed. May be replaced by [ɛ] (stressed) or [e] (stressed or unstressed).
  13. ^ Script error: No such module "IPA". is often pronounced as [u] or [ju].
  14. ^ Since Italian does not distinguish full and reduced vowels (like the English o in conclusion vs o in nomination), a defined secondary stress, even in long words, is extremely rare.
  15. ^ Primarily stressed vowels are long in non-final open syllables: fato Script error: No such module "IPA"., fatto Script error: No such module "IPA"..

Further reading

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