Help:IPA/Polish

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Template:IPA key

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Polish language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:Tl, Template:Tl, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Polish phonology and Polish alphabet for a more thorough look at the sounds of Polish.

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Consonants[1]
IPA Polish Example English approximation
b b <phonos file="pl-bardzo.ogg">bardzo</phonos> bike
ɕ ś, s(i)[2] <phonos file="pl-Jaś.ogg">Jaś</phonos> she
d d <phonos file="pl-dawno.ogg">dawno</phonos> door
d͡z[3] dz <phonos file="pl-dzban.ogg">dzban</phonos> beds
d͡ʑ[3] dź, dz(i)[2] <phonos file="pl-dziadek.ogg">dziadek</phonos> jeep[4]
d͡ʐ[3] dż <phonos file="pl-Dżakarta.ogg">Dżakarta</phonos> jug[4]
f f Template:Error-small feist
ɡ g Template:Error-small girl
ɡʲ g(i)[2] Template:Error-small argue
ɣ ch, h Template:Error-small Spanish amigo
j j, i[2] Template:Error-small yes
j̃[5] ń Template:Error-small point
k k Template:Error-small scam
kʲ k(i)[2] Template:Error-small skew
l l Template:Error-small lion
m m[6] Template:Error-small mile
n n[6] Template:Error-small Nile
ɲ ń, n(i)[6][2] Template:Error-small Italian gnocchi
ŋ[7] n[6] Template:Error-small doing
p p Template:Error-small spike
r r Template:Error-small American English atom
s s Template:Error-small sign
ʂ sz Template:Error-small shore[4]
t t Template:Error-small stow
t͡ɕ[3] ć, c(i)[2] Template:Error-small cheer[4]
t͡s[3] c Template:Error-small cats
t͡ʂ[3] cz Template:Error-small child[4]
v w Template:Error-small vile
w ł Template:Error-small way
x ch, h Template:Error-small Scottish loch
xʲ ch(i), h(i)[2] Template:Error-small huge
z z Template:Error-small raisin
ʑ ź, z(i)[2] Template:Error-small vision, azure[4]
ʐ ż, rz Template:Error-small
Vowels
IPA Polish Example English approximation
a a Template:Error-small father
ɛ e Template:Error-small bet
ɛ̃ ę[6] Template:Error-small French vin
i i[2] Template:Error-small eat
ɨ y Template:Error-small mill
ɔ o Template:Error-small off
ɔ̃ ą[6] Template:Error-small croissant
u u, ó Template:Error-small pool
Other symbols used for Polish
IPA Explanation
ˈ Primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable), usually the penultimate syllable of a word.
ˌ Secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable).
. Syllable break.

See also

Explanatory notes

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  1. ^ All voiced obstruents Script error: No such module "IPA". are devoiced to Script error: No such module "IPA". respectively at the ends of words and in clusters ending in any unvoiced obstruents. Voiceless obstruents are voiced (Script error: No such module "IPA". becoming [ɣ], etc.) in clusters ending in any voiced obstruent except Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA". (when spelled with rz), which are then themselves devoiced.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j The letter ⟨i⟩, when it is followed by a vowel, represents a pronunciation like a ⟨j⟩ or a "soft" pronunciation of the preceding consonant (so Script error: No such module "Lang". is pronounced as if it were spelt *pjes). It has the same effect as an acute accent on alveolar consonants (⟨s⟩, ⟨z⟩, ⟨c⟩, ⟨dz⟩, ⟨n⟩) so Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang". are pronounced as if they were spelt *śę, *ćos, *ńańa. A following ⟨i⟩ also softens consonants when it is itself pronounced as a vowel: Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang". are pronounced as if they were spelled *źima, *ći, *dźiśaj. The phonemes represented by ⟨(c)h⟩, ⟨g⟩ and ⟨k⟩ are most often analyzed as soft (i.e. palatalized) before ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ie⟩ and as hard (i.e. followed by a full Script error: No such module "IPA".) before ⟨ia⟩, ⟨io⟩, ⟨iu⟩.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Polish contrasts affricates Script error: No such module "IPA". with stop–fricative clusters: for example, Template:Wikt-lang Template:Error-small "clean" versus Template:Wikt-lang Template:Error-small "three hundred".
  4. ^ a b c d e f Polish makes a distinction between retroflex and alveolo-palatal consonants, both of which sound roughly like the English postalveolars Script error: No such module "IPA".. The retroflex sounds are pronounced "hard", with the tip of the tongue approaching the alveolar ridge and the blade of the tongue somewhat lowered, and the alveolo-palatal sounds are "soft", realized with the middle of the tongue raised, adding a bit of an ⟨ee⟩ sound to them.
  5. ^ Allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA". before fricatives.
  6. ^ a b c d e f The letters ⟨ą⟩ and ⟨ę⟩ represent the nasal vowels Script error: No such module "IPA". except when they are followed by a stop or affricate, in which case they represent oral vowels Script error: No such module "IPA". followed by a nasal consonant homorganic with the following stop or affricate: Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "IPA". (as if spelled *kont, *gemba, *renka, *piszoncy, *pieńondze, *pieńć, *jenczy).
  7. ^ Allophone of Script error: No such module "IPA". before a velar Script error: No such module "IPA". in some cases.

Further reading

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