Hispaniola monkey
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| †Template:Taxon italics Rímoli, 1977
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The Hispaniola monkey (Antillothrix bernensis) is an extinct primate that was endemic on the island of Hispaniola, in the present-day Dominican Republic. It became extinct sometime during the Holocene.
Description
Horovitz and MacPhee[1] developed the hypothesis, first proposed by MacPhee et al.,[2] that all the Antillean monkeys (the others being the two Cuban monkey species of genus Paralouatta, and the Jamaican monkey, Xenothrix mcgregori) belonged to a monophyletic group linked most closely with the modern genus Callicebus. They later assigned the Antillean monkeys to the tribe Xenotrichini[3] – the sister group of the tribe Callicebini with extensive anatomical comparisons and by extending their parsimony analysis using PAUP*.[4] They maintained that the monophyly of the Antillean monkeys was still supported in the most parsimonious trees, but in slightly less parsimonious trees, Aotus appeared to be linked with Xenothrix.
Skull discovery
In July 2009, Walter Pickel found a A. bernensis skull while diving in underwater caves. The skull was found in the La Jeringa Cave of Cotubanamá National Park. The skull, long bones and ribs were recovered by Walter Pickel and Curt Bowen in October 2009 under the supervision of the Dominican Republic and Alfred L. Rosenberger from Brooklyn College. The discovery supported the MacPhee et al. hypothesis of a monophyletic origin of the Antilles monkeys.[5] This 2009 discovery of the skull suggested that these primates were diurnal, due to their relatively smaller ocular orbits.[6]
New specimens published in 2024
New specimens recovered in 2018 from Cueva Macho included four crania and three mandibles. Both a cranium and mandible exhibited absent wisdom teeth, which is rare in most primates. Though previously, hypotheses regarding smaller relative brain size than normal and sexual dimorphism had been posited, these new specimens evidence neither of these claims. Instead, the authors posit that Hispaniolan monkeys were "a morphologically variable but monomorphic species."[7]
Chronology
The oldest specimen of Antillothrix bernensis dates to around 1.32 million years ago, during the Early Pleistocene. The holotype specimen was dated to around 3850 ± 135 radiocarbon years Before Present.[8]
Ecology
Antillothrix is suggested to have been a generalised frugivore.[9] It was likely a capable climber.[8]
See also
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References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Horovitz, I.; MacPhee, R.D.E. (1999). "The quaternary Cuban platyrrhine Paralouatta varonai and the origin of the Antillean monkeys". Journal of Human Evolution. 36 (1): 33–68. Bibcode:1999JHumE..36...33H. doi:10.1006/jhev.1998.0259. PMID 9924133.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.MacPhee, R.D.E.; et al. (1995). "A New Genus for the Extinct Hispaniolan Monkey Saimiri bernensis Rímoli, 1977, with Notes on Its Systematic Position". American Museum Novitates (3134): 21.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.MacPhee, R. D. E.; Horovitz, I. (May 14, 2004). "New craniodental remains of the quaternary Jamaican monkey Xenothrix mcgregori (Xenotrichini, Callicebinae, Pitheciidae), with a reconsideration of the Aotus hypothesis". American Museum Novitates (3434). New York: American Museum of Natural History: 1–51. doi:10.1206/0003-0082(2004)434<0001:NCROTQ>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86051925.
- ^ Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (* and other methods) Version 4. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rosenberger, A. L.; Cooke, S. B.; Rimoli, R.; Ni, X.; Cardoso, L. (2010). "First skull of Antillothrix bernensis, an extinct relict monkey from the Dominican Republic". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 278 (1702): 67–74. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1249. PMC 2992729. PMID 20659936.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kay, R.; Hunt, K.; Beeker, C.; Conrad, G.; Johnson, C.; Keller, J. (2010). "Preliminary notes on a newly discovered skull of the extinct monkey Antillothrix from Hispaniola and the origin of the Greater Antillean monkeys". Journal of Human Evolution. 60 (1): 124–128. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.09.003. hdl:10161/10794. PMID 21074827.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Halenar-Price, Lauren B.; Klukkert, Zachary S.; Almonte-Milán, Juan N.; Lehman, Phillip; Sims, Zana R.; Cooke, Siobhán B. (2024-11-01). "Craniomandibular variation in the endemic Hispaniolan primate, Antillothrix bernensis". Journal of Human Evolution. 196 103589. Bibcode:2024JHumE.19603589H. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103589. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 39353263.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rosenberger, Alfred L.; Pickering, Robyn; Green, Helen; Cooke, Siobhán B.; Tallman, Melissa; Morrow, Andrea; Rímoli, Renato (November 2015). "1.32 ± 0.11 Ma age for underwater remains constrain antiquity and longevity of the Dominican primate Antillothrix bernensis". Journal of Human Evolution. 88: 85–96. Bibcode:2015JHumE..88...85R. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.05.015. PMID 26321147.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cobb, Savannah E.; Tennant, Courtney Alexandria; La, Darrell; Torres-Chiriboga, Fernando; Cooke, Siobhán B. (January 2025). "Incisor Geometry, Relief, and Diet in Anthropoid Primates With Implications for Antillothrix". American Journal of Biological Anthropology. 186 (1) e25042. doi:10.1002/ajpa.25042. ISSN 2692-7691. PMID 39648302.
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