Horchata

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File:Horchata de chufa 2.jpg
A glass of horchata de chufa with some fartons in Valencia

Horchata (/ɔːrˈtʃɑːtə/; Script error: No such module "IPA".), or Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "IPA".), is a name given to various beverages that are generally plant-based but sometimes contain milk.[1][2][3] In Spain, it is made with soaked, ground, and sweetened tiger nuts. In Mexico, it is made with rice, cinnamon and other ingredients and it is well known as a type of Mexican agua fresca.

Etymology

The name probably derives from a Latin word for barley, the term Script error: No such module "Lang"., which in turn comes from Script error: No such module "Lang". (barley), related to a Mediterranean tradition of grain-based beverages.[4] The Italian and Maltese Script error: No such module "Lang". and the French and English orgeat have the same origin, although the beverages have diverged and are generally no longer made from barley.[5]

History and composition

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Traditional Valencian fridge Script error: No such module "Lang".

A barley drink originated in ancient Egypt, where the Romans got to know it as hordeata, from the Latin word for barley, hordeum. The main ingredient changed in time to tiger nuts, which were brought to the Iberian peninsula in the 8th century, during Muslim rule,[6] and became a staple ingredient in the area of Valencia.[7] It is estimated that during the 11th century it began to spread throughout Hispania (now Spain and Portugal).[1] There are 13th-century records of an Script error: No such module "Lang".-like beverage made near Valencia,[8] where it remains a common drink.

From Spain, the concept of horchata was brought to the Americas. Drinks called Script error: No such module "Lang". or simply Script error: No such module "Lang". came to be made with white rice and cinnamon instead of tiger nuts.[1] Sometimes these drinks had vanilla added,[9] or were served adorned with fruit.[1] Similarly, flavored plant-based beverages are sold in various parts of the world as varieties of Script error: No such module "Lang". or Script error: No such module "Lang"..

Varieties

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File:ManekiNeko horchata jar.jpg
Two large jars of aguas frescas in a Seattle taquería. On the left is a jar of jamaica, and on the right is a jar of Script error: No such module "Lang"..

The drink now known as Script error: No such module "Lang". (also sometimes called Script error: No such module "Lang".[10] or, in West African countries such as Nigeria and Mali, Script error: No such module "Lang".[11][12][13]) is made from soaked, ground and sweetened tiger nuts.[1][14][15]

The Valencian or Script error: No such module "Lang". is made with dried and sweetened tiger nuts (Cyperus esculentus).[1] This form of horchata is now properly called Script error: No such module "Lang"..[1][9]

It remains popular in Spain, where a regulating council exists to ensure the quality and traceability of the product in relation to the designation of origin.[16][17]

The majority of the Spanish tiger nut crop is utilised in the production of Script error: No such module "Lang".. Alboraya is the most important production centre.[18] In total, sixteen Valencian municipalities grow tiger nuts protected by the quality seal, the only one that guarantees its Valencian origin, which in aggregate covered around 485 hectares of tiger nut fields, with an approximate annual production of 8,000 tonnes, which is normally all sold by the time it is harvested.[19]

In rare instances, various forms of aflatoxin could be present in Script error: No such module "Lang"..[20]

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File:15-07-21-Mexico-Stadtzentrum-RalfR-N3S 9725.jpg
Hot Script error: No such module "Lang". in Mexico

Script error: No such module "Lang". (es) is made of rice, sometimes with vanilla, and typically with cinnamon.[1][21][22]

It is the most common variety of Script error: No such module "Lang". in Mexico.[23] In the United States, it is popular in Script error: No such module "Lang". and Mexican ice cream shops.[24][25][26]

In Alvarado, Script error: No such module "Lang". is scented with flowers of the Aztec marigold (Script error: No such module "Lang". or Tagetes erecta).[27]

Horchata lojana

In Ecuador, Script error: No such module "Lang". is a vivid red-coloured infusion or tea, consisting of some 18–20 different plants and herbs, and is most famous in the province of Loja (hence its common name of horchata lojana).[28] Some of the herbs frequently used are escancel or bloodleaf (a type of amaranth), achiote or annatto, hibiscus, lemon verbena, lemongrass, spearmint, peppermint, chamomile, lemon balm, and rose geranium, among others. It is not at all similar to the sweet, grain-based horchatas of other Latin American countries, but simply shares the same term.

The urban and rural populaces who consume this drink, notably in the Loja province, report improved overall well-being and cognitive benefits.[29] They also believe that this herbal infusion promotes a healthy digestive tract, improves focus and memory, and acts as an hepatic anti-inflammatory and a diuretic. There is valuable scientific evidence for the purported health benefits of each of these various ingredients—on their own and combined—including counteracting genotoxicity in the body, as well as antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.[30][31][4]

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Script error: No such module "Lang". is made of ground melon seeds.[32][33]

Horchata de morro or Script error: No such module "Lang".

In the Central American countries of El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras, and Costa Rica, Script error: No such module "Lang". refers to the drink known as horchata de morro or Script error: No such module "Lang".. Its base is made by grinding jicaro seeds, locally referred to as morro seeds, with rice.[34][35]

In Nicaragua, it is also made with semilla de jicaro and rice as a base; these ingredients are toasted or dry-roasted, then ground into a fine powder. The powder is then mixed with water or milk, topped with ground cinnamon and, finally, sugar.[36] Cocoa beans are sometimes added to the horchata, also toasted and ground with the base.[37]

Horchata as a flavor

File:Dough-Donut-Horchata.jpg
A horchata-flavored doughnut

Horchata, as a flavor, makes appearances in ice cream, cookies, and other sweets, and other products such as RumChata, an alcoholic tribute to the beverage.[38] Some smoothie shops, cafés, and McDonald's in the U.S. have been experimenting with horchata-flavored frappés.[39]

See also

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Goldstein, Darra (4 July 2018). The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199313396 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Daily life and social customs". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 June 2022. horchata (cold milk mixed with rice, cocoa, and cinnamon)
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Farell, Oriol Sans (23 July 2015). The Milky Life: The Practical Guide on Lactose Intolerance. Editorial AMAT. ISBN 978-84-9735-805-7. Horchata milk, in its natural form, should not contain lactose because it is a vegetable drink made from tigernut, water and sugar. However, manufacturers often add lactose to it to improve the product, so please read the label carefully to find out the list of ingredients before you drink horchata milk.
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rios, Montserrat; Tinitana, Fani; Jarrín, Pablo; Donoso, Natalia; Romero-Benavides, Juan Carlos (9 March 2017). ""Horchata" drink in Southern Ecuador: medicinal plants and people's wellbeing". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 13 (1). article №18. doi:10.1186/s13002-017-0145-z. PMC 5345160. PMID 28279218.
  5. ^ Lobscouse & Spotted Dog: Which It's a Gastronomic Companion to the Aubrey/Maturin Novels : Grossman, Anne Chotzinoff; Thomas, Lisa Grossman Template:ISBN
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Taseer, Aatish; Ruiz, Stefan (2021-11-11). "Tracing Mexico's Complicated Relationship With Rice". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kabir, Syed Rafid (2023-11-10). "Who Invented Horchata? Story of the Delicious Drink". History Cooperative. Retrieved 2025-02-21.
  8. ^ Clifford A. Wright, Mediterranean Vegetables, 2012, Template:Isbn, s.v. 'chufa'
  9. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cho, Susan; Almeida, Nelson (29 May 2012). Dietary Fiber and Health. CRC Press. ISBN 9781439899373 – via Google Books.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Grigson, Jane (1 January 1983). Jane Grigson's book of European cookery. Atheneum. ISBN 9780689113987 – via Internet Archive. horchata (chufa OR tiger).
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  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cheney, Dina (3 May 2016). The New Milks: 100-Plus Dairy-Free Recipes for Making and Cooking with Soy, Nut, Seed, Grain, and Coconut Milks. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781501103940 – via Google Books.
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  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Make horchata and fartons". Bake-Street. 5 August 2021. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Consejo Regulador de la D.O. Chufa de Valencia. Horchata de Chufa de Valencia - Portada". Chufadevalencia.org. 2002-12-31. Retrieved 2014-07-15.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."About us". Tigernut of Valencia - Chufa de Valencia. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Leitch, James Muil (4 July 1967). "Food Science and Technology: Manufacture and distribution of foods". Gordon and Breach – via Google Books.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Horchata de Chufa (Tiger Nut): The famous summer drink from Valencia". Spanish Club Blog. 12 June 2022.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Weidenbörner, Martin (24 January 2014). Mycotoxins in Foodstuffs. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781461487272 – via Google Books.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Horchata de Arroz Tostado (Toasted Rice Drink)". Saveur. 25 August 2011.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Horchata de arroz, una alternativa fácil y refrescante a la de chufa" (in Spanish).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Horchata (Mexico) | Local Non-alcoholic Beverage from Mexico".
  24. ^ Emeril Lagasse, Horchata Recipe : Food Network Taste of Mexico, 2007.
  25. ^ Horchata Recipe & Video - Martha Stewart.
  26. ^ Refreshing Rice Drink: Horchata de Arroz by Karen Hursh Graber 2003 (MexConnect).
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gonzalez, Anita (4 July 2018). Jarocho's Soul: Cultural Identity and Afro-Mexican Dance. University Press of America. ISBN 9780761827757 – via Google Books.
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Valarezo, Eduardo; Chamba-Lalangui, Liliana; Morocho, Yoseph; Armijos, Chabaco; Jaramillo-Fierro, Ximena; Cartuche, Luis; Meneses, Miguel Angel (March 2024). "Study of the volatile compounds present in the traditional ecuadorian beverage horchata: Chemical composition and biological activity". International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science. 35 100880. doi:10.1016/j.ijgfs.2024.100880.
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  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Duarte-Casar, Rodrigo; Rojas-Le-Fort, Marlene; Bailon-Moscoso, Natalia; Romero-Benavides, Juan Carlos (2024). "Antimicrobial activity and potential of the ingredients of horchata – a traditional southern Ecuadorian highlands herbal drink". Antimicrobials for Sustainable Food Storage. pp. 176–201. doi:10.1201/9781003288503-12. ISBN 978-1-003-28850-3.
  31. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bailon-Moscoso, Natalia; Tinitana, Fani; Martínez-Espinosa, Ruth; Jaramillo-Velez, Andrea; Palacio-Arpi, Alejandra; Aguilar-Hernandez, Jessica; Romero-Benavides, Juan Carlos (December 2017). "Cytotoxic, antioxidative, genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Horchata, beverage of South Ecuador". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 17 (1): 539. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-2048-x. PMC 5735544. PMID 29258490.
  32. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Horchata de Melón (Cantaloupe Seed Drink)". Saveur. 25 August 2011.
  33. ^ [Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Janovich, Adriana (April 29, 2015). "Heavenly Horchata". The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Wash. Retrieved September 2, 2025.
  34. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Spiegel, Alison (July 10, 2014). "Why Horchata Is Your New Best Friend This Summer". HuffPost. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
  35. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Starbucks' Latest Frappuccino Takes Inspiration From Horchata Drinks". nbcmiami.com. August 10, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
  36. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wei, Clarissa (November 9, 2015). "A Taste of Nicaragua: Three Traditional Drinks". Eater. Retrieved September 5, 2021.
  37. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Horchata de Arroz Recipe (Latin sweet rice beverage)". Whats4eats. July 11, 2008.
  38. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Strom, Ray (December 28, 2012). "RumChata fights to protect trademark". Chicago Daily Law Bulletin. Archived from the original on April 1, 2023.
  39. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."McDonald's Testing Horchata Frappes in Southern California". Foodbeast. May 12, 2014. Retrieved July 15, 2017.

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