Humpy

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File:Native Encampment by Skinner Prout, from Australia (1876, vol II).jpg
A 19th-century engraving showing Aboriginal people and a humpy
File:Aboriginal winter encampments in wurlies, near Adelaide, South Australia, Eugene von Guérard ca. 1858.jpg
Aboriginal winter encampments in wurlies, South Australia, c. 1858
File:Aboriginal camp, ca.1858.jpg
Aboriginal camp, Victoria, c. 1858
File:Queensland-aboriginal-architecture-walater-roth.jpg
Different types of Aboriginal shelters, Queensland.

A humpy, also known as a gunyah,[1][2][3][4] wurley, wurly, wurlie, mia-mia, or wiltija, is a small, temporary shelter, traditionally used by Australian Aboriginal people. These impermanent dwellings, made of branches and bark, are sometimes called a lean-to, since they often rely on a standing tree for support.

Etymology

The word humpy comes from the Turrubal language (a Murri people from now-inner Brisbane, e.g. Coorparoo, Nundah). Other languages had different names for the structure. In South Australia, such a shelter is known as a "wurley" (also spelled "wurlie"), possibly from the Kaurna language.[5][6][7] They are called wiltjas in Pitjantjatjara and Yankunytjatjara languages; mia-mia in Wadawurrung language around Melbourne.[8][9]

Usage

They were temporary shelters made of bark, branches, leaves and grass used by Indigenous Australians.[10] Both names were adopted by early white settlers, and now form part of the Australian lexicon. The use of the term appears to have broadened in later usage to include any temporary building made from any available materials, including canvas, flattened metal drums, and sheets of corrugated iron.

In Dark Emu, Bruce Pascoe argues that contrary to popular perception of Aboriginal dwellings being only temporary, some gunyahs in the Channel Country could accommodate up to 50 people and formed part of permanent agricultural communities.[11]

See also

Notes

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Definition of gunyah". www.allwords.com.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Memmott, Paul (2007), Gunyah, Goondie and Wurley : the Aboriginal architecture of Australia (1st ed.), University of Queensland Press, ISBN 978-0-7022-3245-9
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tents". One Planet. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cannot, Jack; Prince, Victor (1912), I'll build a gunyah for you : song, Allan & Co. Pty. Ltd, retrieved 7 January 2019
  5. ^ Peters, Pam, The Cambridge Australian English Style Guide, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p818
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."A Bark Humpy. How to Build it?". The Queenslander. Queensland, Australia. 30 October 1930. p. 57. Retrieved 7 January 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Humpies and Gunyahs : Coloured Families on the Tweed". Sunday Mail. No. 550. Queensland, Australia. 10 December 1933. p. 7. Retrieved 7 January 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
  8. ^ Australian Indigenous tools and technology - Australia's Culture Portal Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Our People". Borough of Queenscliffe.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Australian National Research Council (1930). Oceania. University of Sydney. p. 288.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Westaway, Michael; Gorringe, Joshua (17 June 2021). Freeman-Greene, Suzy; Beaumont, Lucy (eds.). "Friday essay: How our new archaeological research investigates Dark Emu's idea of Aboriginal 'agriculture' and villages". doi:10.64628/AA.9f5jnr66f.

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