Hypertrophy
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Hypertrophy is an increase in the size of individual cells.[1] In multicellular organisms, growth is typically achieved through a combination of this cellular enlargement and hyperplasia, which is an increase in the number of cells.[2] While distinct processes, they often occur concurrently. Hypertrophy can lead to a relative increase in the volume of a tissue or organ, and contributes to the overall growth of an organism. In organisms characterized by eutely, where the total number of somatic cells is fixed upon reaching maturity, post-embryonic growth is achieved almost exclusively through hypertrophy.[3] In humans and other mammals, hypertrophy is a normal physiological process, such as the hormonally induced enlargement of uterine cells during pregnancy.
Clinical significance in humans
Eccentric hypertrophy is a type of hypertrophy in which the walls and chamber of a hollow organ undergo growth, resulting in an overall increase in size and volume. It is most commonly described in the left ventricle of the heart.[4] Sarcomeres are added in series, as for example in dilated cardiomyopathy (in contrast to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a type of concentric hypertrophy, where sarcomeres are added in parallel).
Gallery
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See also
- Athlete's heart
- Ventricular hypertrophy (including left ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular hypertrophy)
- Muscle hypertrophy
- List of biological development disorders
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hernandez R, Kravitz L. "Skeletal muscle hypertrophy". www.unm.edu.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Hyperplasia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2023-02-19.
- ^ Life Cycles: An Evolutionary Approach to the Physiology of Reproduction, Development and Ageing
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kusumoto FM (2004). Cardiovascular Pathophysiology. Hayes Barton Press. pp. 20–22. ISBN 978-1-59377-189-8.[permanent dead link]
External links
- University of California Muscle Physiology Home Page: Hypertrophy Script error: No such module "webarchive".
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