Interstate 81

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description Template:DMCA Template:DMCA

Page Template:Hlist/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Infobox road/styles.css has no content.

Script error: No such module "Infobox road/route".
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Road data/util' not found.
I-81 highlighted in red
Script error: No such module "Infobox mapframe".
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Road data/util' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Road data/util' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Road data/util' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Road data/util' not found.
LengthLua error: expandTemplate: template "cvt" does not exist.
ExistedLua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Road data/util' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Road data/util' not found.
NHSEntire route
Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.Major junctions
South endTemplate:Jct in Dandridge, TN
Major intersectionsPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
North endTemplate:Jct at the Canadian border on Wellesley Island, NY
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.Location
CountryUnited States
StatesTennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Road data/util' not found.
Script error: No such module "Infobox road/browselinks".
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Road data/util' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Road data/util' not found.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Road data/util' not found.

Script error: No such module "Infobox road/errors".[[Category:Infobox road instances Template:Infobox road/meta/mask/category]]

Interstate 81 (I-81) is a north–south (physically northeast–southwest) Interstate Highway in the eastern part of the United States. Its southern terminus is at I-40 in Dandridge, Tennessee; its northern terminus is on Wellesley Island, New York at the Canadian border, where the Thousand Islands Bridge connects it to Highway 137 and ultimately to Highway 401, the main Ontario freeway connecting Detroit via Toronto to Montreal. The major metropolitan areas along the route of I-81 include the Tri-Cities of Tennessee; Roanoke in Virginia; Hagerstown in Maryland; Harrisburg and the Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania; and Binghamton and Syracuse in New York.

I-81 largely traces the paths created down the length of the Appalachian Mountains through the Great Appalachian Valley by migrating animals, indigenous peoples, and early settlers. It also follows a major corridor for troop movements during the Civil War.[3] These trails and roadways gradually evolved into US Route 11 (US 11); I-81 parallels much of the older US 11.[4] Being mostly rural in nature, I-81 is heavily used as a trucking corridor and is often used as a bypass of the busier and more congested I-95 to the east; for this reason, it is also used heavily by drug and human traffickers, as it is less monitored by law enforcement than I-95. This led to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) forming a taskforce to combat the issue in 2017.[5][6]

The I-81 Corridor Coalition, a six-state coalition, was organized to handle issues along I-81, such as truck traffic and air pollution; the commission meets annually.[7] I-81 is part of the fastest route between the capital of the US (Washington, D.C.) and the capital of Canada (Ottawa).[8][9]

Route description

I-81 is part of the National Highway System, a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).[10]

Lengths
  mi[1] km
TN 75.66 121.76
VA 324.92 522.91
WV 26.00 41.84
MD 12.08 19.44
PA 232.76 374.59
NY 183.60 295.48
Total 855.02 1,376.02

Tennessee

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". I-81 begins in Tennessee at I-40 in Dandridge, a route that connects to Knoxville to the west and Asheville to the east. I-81 meets I-26 and US 23, which go to Kingsport and Johnson City. At milemarker 75, I-81 leaves Tennessee and enters Virginia.

Virginia

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:2019-07-08 14 24 49 View south along Interstate 81 from the overpass for Carrier Drive in Harrisonburg, Virginia.jpg
I-81 looking southbound near milepost 245 in Harrisonburg, Virginia

I-81 in Virginia is largely a rural route with brief concurrencies with I-77 and I-64. The route parallels the Appalachian Mountains for much of its route through Tennessee and Virginia, serving such cities as the twin cities of Bristol, Tennessee and Virginia; Wytheville; Roanoke; Christiansburg; Lexington; Staunton; Harrisonburg; and Winchester. In Harrisonburg, I-81 cuts through James Madison University.[11] It parallels its older counterpart, US 11, for its entire length in Virginia.[12]

West Virginia

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:2016-08-24 13 49 39 View north along Interstate 81 just after entering Ridgeway, Berkeley County, West Virginia from Rest, Frederick County, Virginia.jpg
Northbound on I-81 just after entering West Virginia

I-81 briefly enters the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia for about 26 miles (42 km), serving the city of Martinsburg. The entire routing is in Berkeley County and serves the Eastern WV Regional Airport. The West Virginia segment was completed in 1966 and there have been no realignments since.

Maryland

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:2016-07-29 19 17 29 View north along Interstate 81 just north of Exit 5 (Halfway Boulevard) just southwest of Hagerstown in Washington County, Maryland.jpg
View north along I-81 just north of exit 5 at Halfway Boulevard in Halfway, Maryland

I-81 runs 12.08 miles (19.44 km) in Maryland from the West Virginia state line at the Potomac River in Williamsport north to the Pennsylvania state line near Maugansville. I-81 is the primary north–south Interstate Highway in Washington County, connecting Hagerstown, Maryland, with Chambersburg and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to the north and Martinsburg, West Virginia, and Winchester, and Roanoke, Virginia, to the south.[13] It is the shortest mainline Interstate in Maryland and contains the shortest portion of I-81 of all six states through which the Interstate highway passes. The Interstate was dedicated as Maryland Veterans Memorial Highway in 1987.[14] I-81 passes through the state of Maryland at one of its narrowest points, the "Hub City" of Hagerstown where it intersects with a large number of other routes, most notably I-70. Hagerstown Regional Airport is served by this Interstate Highway.[13]

Pennsylvania

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:Interstate 78 and 81 junction, northbound.jpg
I-81 northbound at western terminus of I-78 in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania

I-81 forms a major north–south corridor through the state of Pennsylvania, serving the boroughs of Chambersburg and Carlisle, where it meets the Pennsylvania Turnpike (I-76) but does not directly interchange with it (motorists must use US 11 to connect). Around the state capital of Harrisburg, the route forms the northern section of Pennsylvania's Capital Beltway. The route then travels northeast toward the Wyoming Valley, where it serves the cities of Wilkes-Barre and Scranton, as well as meeting the PA Turnpike's Northeast Extension,[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed] then heads north through the Endless Mountains region toward the state line.

New York

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".

File:Syracuse Interstates.jpg
I-81 at I-690 in downtown Syracuse

In New York, I-81 crosses the Pennsylvania state line southeast of Binghamton. The freeway runs north–south through Central New York, serving the cities of Binghamton, Syracuse, and Watertown. It passes through the Thousand Islands in its final miles and crosses two bridges, both part of the series of bridges known as the Thousand Islands Bridge. South of Watertown, I-81 closely parallels US 11, the main north–south highway in Central New York prior to the construction of I-81. At Watertown, US 11 turns northeastward to head across New York's North Country while I-81 continues on a generally northward track to the Canadian border. From there, the road continues into the province of Ontario as Highway 137, a short route leading north to the nearby Highway 401.[15]

History

I-81 roughly parallels the Great Indian Warpath, an old Indian trail that connected New York to the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States via Virginia and West Virginia.[16] A series of roads linking Virginia to Maryland through Martinsburg were present on maps as early as 1873.[17] New York was originally served by New York State Route 2 (NY 2), a road built in 1924;[18] NY 2 was replaced by US 11 in 1927. A highway that largely followed the path of US 11 was built and became known as the Penn-Can Highway.[19] On August 14, 1957, the highway was redesigned as I-81.[20] In New York, the first segments of what would become I-81 were begun in 1954.[21] In Maryland, the Interstate was begun with the Hagerstown Bypass in the mid-1950s.[22] After several bouts of expansion, the freeway was completed from US 40 (now Maryland Route 144 [MD 144]) to the Pennsylvania state line in 1958[23] and marked as I-81 in 1959.[24] Bidding on contracts in West Virginia opened in July 1958.[25] In Virginia, the first Interstate hearing was held in February 1957. At the end of 1957, construction began on a one-mile (1.6 km) stretch near Buchanan, Virginia. A four-mile (6.4 km) section of the Interstate opened in 1959. A stretch in Harrisonburg was opened as well. By late 1963, 85 miles (137 km) in Virginia were open.[26]

The first statewide segment to be completed was that of West Virginia, which was finished in 1966. The section opened on October 19, 1966.[27] In western Maryland, various parts of I-81 were built in the early 1960s, and the remainder of the highway south to the Potomac River was under construction by 1965[28] and opened in 1966.[14] Since then, I-81 in Maryland has remained largely unchanged. In Tennessee by 1965, 336 (541) of the 997 miles (1,605 km) of Interstate Highways were completed. Construction was expected to be finished in 1969,[29] but a large portion of the work would not be completed until 1974, and most of the road was open by December 1974.[30] The final major segment of the Interstate in the north to be built was a 17-mile (27 km) section in New York, opened in October 1968.[31] That same year, work in Pennsylvania was completed.[32] The road would not be completely built in Tennessee until August 1975.[33] Construction on parts in Virginia dragged on until it was finished in July 1987.[26] The segment in New York cost $270 million (equivalent to $Format price error: cannot parse value "Error when using Template:Tl: |index=US-GDP (parameter 1) not a recognized index." in 2024[34]) to build.[21]

Major intersections

Tennessee[35]
Virginia[35]
West Virginia[35]
Maryland[35]
Pennsylvania[35]
New York[35]

Auxiliary routes

I-81 has six related, auxiliary Interstate Highways that connect the main freeway to downtowns and other cities. I-381 runs 1.5 miles (2.4 km), connecting Bristol, Virginia, to I-81.[36] I-581 is a 6.35-mile-long (10.22 km) spur that connects Roanoke, Virginia, to I-81. It is proposed to be overtaken by I-73.[37] Pennsylvania Route 581 (PA 581) connects Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to I-81. It runs 7.36 miles (11.84 km). I-481 serves as an eastern bypass of Syracuse, New York. NY 481 is a northwestern extension of I-481 that ends in Oswego.[38] I-781 extends for 4.9 miles (7.9 km), that connects Fort Drum, New York, to the Interstate.[39] NY 281 is a north–south state highway in Central New York that extends for 16.56 miles (26.65 km) across Cortland and Onondaga counties, roughly paralleling I-81 and connecting at both ends.[40]

I-181 was a 23.85-mile (38.38 km) offshoot of I-81, linking to Kingsport, Tennessee. It was decommissioned in August 2005 when I-26 took over I-181's entire length.[41] I-281 was replaced in January 1970 by I-481. I-81E was replaced by the current I-380.[42]

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways". FHWA Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. December 31, 2021. Retrieved July 14, 2022.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Public Roads Administration (August 14, 1957). Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as Adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). Washington, DC: Public Roads Administration. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved June 14, 2018 – via Wikimedia Commons.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Roads". Miller's House Museum. Retrieved July 16, 2018.[dead link]
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Perrier, Dianne (2010). Interstate 81: The Great Warriors Trace. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. ISBN 978-0-8130-3481-2. OCLC 502304332.[page needed]
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zuckerman, Jake (January 26, 2017). "FBI forms human trafficking task force along I-81". North Virginia Daily. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rossi, Isabella (February 12, 2019). "Sex trafficking closer to home than most Virginians would think". Collegiate Times. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Corridor Coalition". I-81coalition.org. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."I-81 Safety Conference". Harrisburg, PA: WHP-TV. Retrieved October 4, 2014.[permanent dead link]
  9. ^ I-81 Corridor group[dead link]
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fiske, E.B.; Logue, R. (2006). The Fiske Guide to Colleges. New York: Times Books. p. 358. ISBN 9781402203749. Retrieved February 26, 2018 – via Google Books. The university straddles Interstate 81, an outlet to several major East Coast cities.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Harbaugh, Charles IV; Pennington, Jeff (2015). Middletown. Images of America. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 978-1-4671-2242-9. Retrieved February 26, 2018 – via Google Books.
  13. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Highway Information Services Division (December 31, 2013). Highway Location Reference. Maryland State Highway Administration. Retrieved February 3, 2018.Template:Maryland HLR/row
  14. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Previous Interstate Facts of the Day". Eisenhower Interstate Highway System Home Page. See June 8, 2010. Archived from the original on April 26, 2006. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  15. ^ Template:Google maps
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rice, Otis K.; Brown, Stephen W. (1993). West Virginia: A History. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-8131-1854-3. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.White, M. Wood (1873). "Counties of Morgan, Berkeley, Jefferson" (Map). White's Topographical, County & District Atlas of West Virginia. 1:310,000. M.W. White. p. 22. OCLC 62726043. Retrieved February 2, 2018 – via David Rumsey Map Collection.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."New York's Main Highways Designated by Numbers". The New York Times. December 21, 1924. p. XX9.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Penn-Can Road Vital to Broome, Majority at Hearing Says" (PDF). The Binghamton Press. January 9, 1957. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 30, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2018 – via Fulton County Historical Society.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.American Association of State Highway Officials (August 14, 1957). Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway Officials – via Wikimedia Commons.
  21. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Interstate 81: The History". New York State Department of Transportation. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)[full citation needed]
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bonnell, Robert O.; Bennett, Edgar T.; McMullen, John J. (December 15, 1958). Report of the State Roads Commission of Maryland (1957–1958 ed.). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. p. 82. Retrieved November 15, 2010.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Maryland State Roads Commission (1958). Maryland: Official Highway Map (PDF) (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission.[full citation needed]
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Maryland State Roads Commission (1959). Maryland: Official Highway Map (PDF) (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission.[full citation needed]
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Bids Opened on Parts of Interstate 81". Charleston Daily Mail. July 29, 1958.[page needed]
  26. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."I-81 History". Virginia Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Interstate Hwy 81 Opens Soon". Morgantown Dominion News. October 6, 1966.[page needed]
  28. ^ Template:NBI
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Where Do We Stand On The Interstate?". Kingsport Times-News. May 2, 1965.[page needed]
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."East Tennessee's Christmas Present". Kingsport Times. December 10, 1974.[page needed]
  31. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Final Links of Interstate 81 to Be Opened with Friday Rites". Syracuse Post Standard. October 14, 1968.[page needed]
  32. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Interstate Highway Construction". Somerset Daily News. October 22, 1968.[page needed]
  33. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Interstate 81 Four-Lane Opens". Kingsport News. August 28, 1975.[page needed]
  34. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
  35. ^ a b c d e f Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rand McNally (2014). The Road Atlas (Walmart ed.). Chicago: Rand McNally. pp. 46, 71, 87–89, 95, 106–107, 112. ISBN 978-0-528-00771-2.
  36. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Virginia Department of Transportation. "Virginia Interstate Exits". Virginia Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
  37. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Virginia Department of Transportation (2013). "2012 Virginia Department of Transportation Daily Traffic Volume Estimates Including Vehicle Classification Estimates" (PDF). Virginia Department of Transportation.
  38. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.State of New York Department of Transportation (January 1, 1970). Official Description of Touring Routes in New York State (PDF) (Map). Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 3, 2018.[full citation needed]
  39. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fort Drum connector road officially open". Syracuse, NY: YNN Central New York. December 6, 2012. Retrieved February 2, 2018.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  40. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Highway Data Services Bureau. "2014 Traffic Volume Report for New York State" (PDF). Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  41. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Allen, Calvin (July 16, 2003). "The Political History of I-26". Mountain Xpress. Asheville, NC. Retrieved February 2, 2018.
  42. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.American Association of State Highway Officials (June 27, 1958). Official Route Numbering for the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways as Adopted by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway Officials. Retrieved February 7, 2018 – via Wikimedia Commons.

Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Script error: No such module "Sister project logo".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Template:If then show|Template:If then show]].

Script error: No such module "Attached KML".

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Interstate_81&oldid=59003"