Inverted breve
Template:Short description Template:Infobox diacritic
Inverted breve or arch is a diacritical mark, shaped like the top half of a circle ( ̑ ), that is, like an upside-down breve (˘). It looks similar to the circumflex (ˆ), which has a sharp tip (Â â Ê ê Î î Ô ô Û û), while the inverted breve is rounded: (Ȃ ȃ Ȇ ȇ Ȋ ȋ Ȏ ȏ Ȗ ȗ).
Inverted breve can occur above or below the letter. It is not used in any natural language alphabet. It is identical in form to the Ancient Greek circumflex.
Uses
Serbo-Croatian
The inverted breve above is used in traditional Slavicist notation of Serbo-Croatian phonology to indicate long falling accent. It is placed above the syllable nucleus, which can be one of five vowels (ȃ ȇ ȋ ȏ ȗ) or syllabic ȓ. This use of the inverted breve is derived from the Ancient Greek circumflex, which was preserved in the polytonic orthography of Modern Greek and influenced[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed] early Serbian Cyrillic printing through religious literature. In the early 19th century, it began to be used in both Latin and Cyrillic as a diacritic to mark prosody in the systematic study of the Serbo-Croatian linguistic continuum.
International Phonetic Alphabet
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, an inverted breve below [or occasionally above] is used to mark a vowel as non-syllabic, i.e. assuming the role of a semivowel. The diacritic thus expands upon the four primary symbols Script error: No such module "IPA". the IPA reserves for semivowels, which correspond to the full vowels Script error: No such module "IPA"., respectively. Any vowel is eligible for marking as non-syllabic; a frequent use of the diacritic is in conjunction with the centralised equivalents of the vowels just mentioned: Script error: No such module "IPA"..
The same diacritic is placed under iota ⟨Script error: No such module "Lang".⟩ to represent the Proto-Indo-European semivowel Script error: No such module "Lang". as it relates to Ancient Greek; upsilon with an inverted breve ⟨Script error: No such module "Lang".⟩ is also sometimes used insead of digamma ⟨Script error: No such module "Lang".⟩ to represent the Proto-Indo-European semivowel Script error: No such module "Lang"..[1]
Encoding
Inverted breve characters are supported in Unicode and HTML code (decimal numeric character reference).
| Name | Letter | Unicode | HTML |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combining Inverted Breve | ◌̑ | U+0311 | ̑ |
| Combining Inverted Breve Below | ◌̯ | U+032F | ̯ |
| Combining Double Inverted Breve | ◌͡◌ | U+0361 | ͡ |
| Combining Double Inverted Breve Below | ◌᷼◌ | U+1DFC | ᷼ |
| Modifier Breve With Inverted Breve | ꭛ | U+AB5B | ꭛ |
| Latin Capital Letter A With Inverted Breve | Ȃ | U+0202 | Ȃ |
| Latin Small Letter A With Inverted Breve | ȃ | U+0203 | ȃ |
| Latin Capital Letter E With Inverted Breve | Ȇ | U+0206 | Ȇ |
| Latin Small Letter E With Inverted Breve | ȇ | U+0207 | ȇ |
| Latin Capital Letter I With Inverted Breve | Ȋ | U+020A | Ȋ |
| Latin Small Letter I With Inverted Breve | ȋ | U+020B | ȋ |
| Latin Capital Letter O With Inverted Breve | Ȏ | U+020E | Ȏ |
| Latin Small Letter O With Inverted Breve | ȏ | U+020F | ȏ |
| Latin Capital Letter R With Inverted Breve | Ȓ | U+0212 | Ȓ |
| Latin Small Letter R With Inverted Breve | ȓ | U+0213 | ȓ |
| Latin Capital Letter U With Inverted Breve | Ȗ | U+0216 | Ȗ |
| Latin Small Letter U With Inverted Breve | ȗ | U+0217 | ȗ |
In LaTeX the control \textroundcap{o} with \usepackage{tipa} puts an inverted breve over the letter o.[2]
See also
Notes
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- ^ Herbert Weir Smyth. Greek Grammar. par. 20 a: semivowels.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."LaTeX for Classical Philologists and Indo-Europeanists". Retrieved 2010-09-23.[dead link]
External links
- Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents Script error: No such module "webarchive".
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