Italian Navy
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "other uses". Template:DMCA
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
| Italian Navy | |
|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "Lang". | |
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Coat of arms of the Italian Navy, displaying the coats of arms of former Italian maritime republics (clockwise from top left: Venice, Genoa, Pisa and Amalfi) | |
| Founded | 1861 as Regia Marina (official) 1946 as Marina Militare |
| Country | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy |
| Type | Navy |
| Role | Naval warfare |
| Size | 29,300 personnel 184 vessels (incl. minor auxiliaries) 70 aircraft[1] |
| Part of | Italian Armed Forces |
| MottoTemplate:Pluralize from text | Template:Langx "Motherland and Honour" |
| March | Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Wikt-lang is the return of soldiers to their barrack, or sailors to their ship after a leave) by Tommaso Mario |
| Anniversaries | 10 June – Sinking of the Austro-Hungarian battleship SMS Szent István by Luigi Rizzo |
| Decorations | 1 Cavalier Cross of the Military Order of Savoy 3 Cavalier's Crosses of the Military Order of Italy 2 Gold Medals of Military Valor 1 Silver Medal of Military Valor 1 Gold Medal for Merited Public Honor |
| Commanders | |
| Chief of Staff of the Italian Navy | File:Flag of the chief of staff of the Marina Militare.svgAmmiraglio di squadra Giuseppe Berutti |
| Deputy Chief of Naval Staff | File:Flag of squadron admiral of the Marina Militare.svgAmmiraglio di squadra Claudio Gaudiosi |
| Insignia | |
| Roundels | File:Roundel of Italy – Low Visibility – Type 1.svg File:Roundel of Italy – Naval Aviation.svg |
| Ensign | File:Naval Ensign of Italy.svg |
| Jack | File:Naval Jack of Italy.svg |
Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".
The Italian Navy (Template:Langx; abbreviated as MM) is one of the four branches of Italian Armed Forces and was formed in 1946 from what remained of the Regia Marina (Royal Navy) after World War II. The Italian Navy has a strength of approximately 29,300 active personnel, with 184 vessels and 70 aircraft in service.[2] It is considered a multiregional and a blue-water navy.[3][4][5]
History
Before and during World War II
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
The Regia Marina was formed on 17 March 1861, after the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy.[6] The Italian Navy assumed its present name after the Italian monarchy was abolished following a popular referendum held on 2 June 1946.
After World War II
At the end of its five-year involvement in World War II, Italy was a devastated nation. After the end of hostilities, the Regia Marina – which at the beginning of the war was the fourth largest navy in the world[citation needed], with a mix of modernised and new battleships – started a long and complex rebuilding process. The combat contributions of the Italian naval forces after the signing of the armistice with the Allies on 8 September 1943, and the subsequent cooperation agreement on 23 September 1943, left the Regia Marina in a poor condition, with much of its infrastructure and bases unusable and its ports mined and blocked by sunken ships. However, a large number of its naval units had survived the war, albeit in a low efficiency state, which was due to the conflict and the age of many vessels. The vessels that remained were:
- 5 battleships
- 10 cruisers
- 10 destroyers
- 20 frigates
- 20 corvettes
- 50 fast coastal patrol units
- 50 minesweepers
- 19 amphibious operations vessels
- 5 school ships
- 1 support ship and plane transport
The peace treaty
The peace treaty signed on 10 February 1947 in Paris was onerous for Regia Marina. Apart from territorial and material losses, also the following restrictions were imposed:
- A ban on owning, building or experimenting with atomic weapons, self-propulsion projectiles or relative launchers, etc.
- A ban on owning battleships, aircraft carriers, submarines and amphibious assault units.
- A ban on operating military installations on the islands of Pantelleria, Pianosa and on the archipelago of the Pelagian Islands.
The treaty also ordered Italy to put the following ships at the disposals of the victorious nations United States, Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, Greece, Yugoslavia and Albania as war compensation:
- 3 battleships: Giulio Cesare, Italia, Vittorio Veneto;
- 5 cruisers: Emanuele Filiberto Duca d'Aosta, Attilio Regolo, Scipione Africano, Eugenio di Savoia and Eritrea;
- 7 destroyers, 5 of the Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found. and Augusto Riboty and Alfredo Oriani;
- 6 minesweepers: like Aliseo and Fortunale;
- 8 submarines: 3 of the Acciaio class;
- 1 sailing school ship: Cristoforo Colombo.
The entry into NATO
Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.
Great changes in the international political situation, which were developing into the Cold War, convinced the United Kingdom and United States to discontinue the transfer of Italy's capital ships as war reparations. Some had already been dismantled in La Spezia between 1948 and 1955, including the aircraft carrier Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found.. However, the Soviet Union demanded the surrender of the battleship Giulio Cesare and other naval units designated for transfer. The cruisers Attilio Regolo and Scipione Africano became the French Chateaurenault and Guichen, while Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found. became the Greek Elli. After break up and transfers, only a small part of the fleet remained to be recommissioned into the Marina. As Western attention turned to the Soviets and the Mediterranean Sea, Italian seas became one of the main sites of confrontation between the two superpowers, and Italy's geographical position gave it renewed naval importance within NATO.
With the new elections in 1946, the Kingdom of Italy became a republic, and the Regia Marina took the name of Marina Militare (Template:Literally). As the Marshall Plan began to rebuild Italy and Europe was rapidly being divided into two geopolitically antagonistic blocs, Italy began talks with the United States to guarantee adequate security considerations. The US government in Washington wished to keep its own installations on the Italian Peninsula and relaxed the Treaty restrictions by including Italy in the Mutual Defense Assistance Programme (MDAP). On 4 April 1949, Italy joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and, in order for the navy to contribute actively in the organization, the Treaty restrictions were definitively repealed by the end of 1951, with the consent of all of Western nations.
Within NATO, the Italian Navy was assigned combat control of the Adriatic Sea and Strait of Otranto, as well as the defence of the naval routes through the Tyrrhenian Sea. To ensure these tasks a Script error: No such module "Lang". (Study on the development of the Italian Navy with reference to the Atlantic Pact) was undertaken, which researched the structures and the methods for the development of the navy.
Naval ensign
The ensign of the Italian Navy is the flag of Italy bearing the coat of arms of the Italian Navy. The shield's quarters refer to the four Medieval Italian Maritime Republics:
- 1st quarter: on red, a golden winged lion (the lion of St. Mark) wielding a sword (Republic of Venice)
- 2nd quarter: on white field, red cross, the Saint George's Cross (Republic of Genoa)
- 3rd quarter: on blue field, white Maltese cross (Republic of Amalfi)
- 4th quarter: on red field, white Pisan cross (Republic of Pisa)
The coat of arms is surmounted by a golden crown, which distinguishes military vessels from those of the merchant navy.
The crown, Script error: No such module "Lang"., was proposed in 1939 as a conjectural link to the Roman navy by Admiral Domenico Cavagnari, then a member of the Chamber of Fasces and Corporations in the Fascist government. In the proposal, Admiral Cavagnari wrote that "in order to recall the common origin [of the Navy] from the Roman mariners, the Insignia will be surmounted by the towered Crown with Script error: No such module "Lang"., the emblem of honour and valour the Roman Senate awarded to the leaders of naval victories, conquerors of lands and cities across the seas".
A further difference is that St. Mark's lion, symbolising the Republic of Venice, does not hold the gospel in its paw (as it does on the civil ensign, where the book is open at the words "Script error: No such module "Lang".", meaning "peace to you, Mark, my evangelist") and is wielding a sword instead: such an image is consistent with the pictorial tradition from Venetian history, in which the book is shown open during peacetime and closed during wartime.
Structure and organisation
Organization
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
In 2012 the Navy began a restructuring process that will see a 21% decrease in personnel by 2025. A new structure was implemented in January 2014.[7]
| Position | Italian title | Rank | Incumbent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chief of Staff of the Navy | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Vice Admiral | Giuseppe Berutti Bergotto[8] |
| Deputy Chief of Staff of the Navy | Script error: No such module "Lang". | Vice Admiral | [needs update]Template:DMCA |
| Commander in Chief Naval Fleet | Script error: No such module "Lang". (CINCNAV) | Vice Admiral | Aurelio De Carolis |
| Commander Schools Command | Script error: No such module "Lang". (MARICOMSCUOLE) | Vice Admiral | Antonio Natale[9] |
| Commander Logistics Command | Script error: No such module "Lang". (MARICOMLOG) | Vice Admiral | Salvatore Vitiello[10] |
|
Script error: No such module "Lang". (MARINANORD) | Rear Admiral | Giorgio Lazio[11] |
|
Script error: No such module "Lang". (MARINASUD) | Rear Admiral | Eduardo Serra[12][13] |
|
Script error: No such module "Lang". (MARISICILIA) | Rear Admiral | Nicola De Felice[14] |
|
Script error: No such module "Lang". (MARICAPITALE) | Rear Admiral | |
| Raiders and Divers Grouping | Script error: No such module "Lang". (COMSUBIN) | Rear Admiral | Paolo Pezzuti |
Coast Guard
The Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is the coast guard of Italy and is part of the Italian Navy under the control of the Ministry of Infrastructures and Transports, the Ministry of the Environment, the Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies, as well as the Ministry of Defence. In Italy, it is commonly known as simply the Guardia costiera or Capitaneria di Porto. The Coast Guard has approximately 11,000 staff. [15]
Corps
The Italian Navy is divided into six corps (by precedence):
- Script error: No such module "Lang". – Staff Officers Corps (SM): line officers
- Script error: No such module "Lang". – Naval Engineers Corps (GM)
- Script error: No such module "Lang". – Marine engineering branch (GM/GN): engineer officers
- Script error: No such module "Lang". – Naval ordnance branch (GM/AN): weapon engineer officers
- Script error: No such module "Lang". – Infrastructure engineering (GM/INFR): civil engineer officers
- Script error: No such module "Lang". – Maritime Military Medical Corps: (MD) for medics, (FM) for pharmacists
- Script error: No such module "Lang". – Military Maritime Supply Corps (CM): administration, paymaster, legal executive, supply, logistics officer
- Script error: No such module "Lang". – Port Captaincies Corps (CP): the coast guard
- Script error: No such module "Lang". – Military Maritime Crews Corps (CEMM)
Fleet
Command of the Italian Fleet (ships, submarines and amphibious forces) and Naval aviation[16] falls under the Commander in Chief Naval Fleet.
Current equipment
Ships and submarines
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
The fleet includes the following oceangoing units:
- 1 Light STOVL aircraft carrier
- 1 Landing helicopter dock
- 3 amphibious assault ships
- 3 destroyers
- 14 frigates
- 8 attack submarines
- 4 auxiliary ships
Hydrographic Naval Squadron includes:
- 3 hydrographic Ships
- 2 research vessels operated in cooperation with NATO STO CMRE
Patrol and littoral warfare units include:
- 9 offshore patrol vessels
- 10 mine countermeasure vessels
- 6 coastal patrol boats
and a varied fleet of auxiliary ships are also in service.[17]
The flagship of the fleet is the carrier Cavour.
Aircraft
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
Equipment of the San Marco Marine brigade
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
Future equipment
Ships and submarines
- 1× Bergamini-class GP-enhanced (GP-e, General Purpose with Anti-Submarine Warfare capabilities) frigates, being built to replace two vessels from the Italian FREMM-class build program that were transferred to Egypt in 2020 and 2021; delivery is anticipated in the 2025–26 period.[18]
- 2× Bergamini-class EVO (Anti-Submarine Warfare) frigates; delivery is anticipated in the 2029–30 period.[19]
The 2014 Naval Act allocated €5.4 billion for the following vessels:[20]
- 7× Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found. offshore patrol vessel/frigate— 4× commissioned [21]
The 2017 budget allocated €12.8 billion (2017–2032 years) for the following ships:
- 1× Special & Diving Operations – Submarine Rescue Ship (SOD – SuRS),[22] to replace the submarine rescue ship Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found.
- 1× Major Hydro-oceanographic Ship (NIOM),[23] to replace the hydrographic survey vessel Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found.
- 12× minehunters to replace the Lerici and Gaeta-class minehunters:[21]
- 8× Cacciamine Nuova Generazione-Costieri (CNG-C, New Generation Minehunter – Coastal) for homeland security roles (about 800 t and 57 m)
- 4× Cacciamine Nuova Generazione-Altura (CNG-A, New Generation Minehunter – Ocean-going) for expeditionary roles (about 1,300 t and 75–80 m)
- 8× European Patrol Corvettes in a joint program with France (about 3,200 t)[21]
The 2018 budget allocated about €1 billion for:[24]
- 4 x U212NFS attack submarines, for commissioning in 2027–2029–2030–2032.[25] In December 2022, an amended contract was signed for production of a third NFS Submarine based on the design of the previous two submarines. The third Submarine (NFS 3) is planned to be delivered at the end of 2030, while a contract for the fourth boat was signed in 2024.[26][27]
The "Documento Programmatico Pluriennale 2021–2023" funds the following ships:[28]
- 2× 11,000-ton DDX-class destroyers, a development of the Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found. to replace the Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found. guided missile destroyers by 2028 to 2030[21][18]
- 3× Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found.s, to replace Vesuvio and Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found.[21] (increased to four ships under Defence Planning Document 2023–2025)[29]
- 1× UBOS, diving support vessel
- 10× MTC, coastal transport vessels to replace the Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found. and Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found.
- 4× training vessels
- Mid-Life Update (MLU) of the Horizon-class destroyers
- 3 offshore patrol vessels (OPV) (FCX-20 variant of Fincantieri's FCX; about 2300 tons) ordered August 2023 + 3 ships in option[30]
Planned equipment
- 2× amphibious transport docks, to replace the Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found.s (about 16,500 t) in 2028–2030 period[21][31]
- 1× electronic surveillance ship to add to the existing Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found.[21]
- 1× submarine and minehunter support ship[21]
For the Naval Aviation the Navy plans to expand or replace the following assets:[21]
- 9× maritime patrol aircraft (currently 4 x ATR 72MP in service)
- 30× heavy helicopters (currently 22 x AW101 in service)
- 12× light utility helicopters, a new acquisition of AW169 helicopters
- 16× tactical unmanned aerial vehicles (currently 10 x ScanEagle in service)
For the San Marco Marine Brigade, the Navy plans to acquire following assets:[21]
- 72× Iveco SuperAV amphibious 8x8 combat vehicles (36 vehicles ordered December 2022)[32]
- 90× VTMM Orso armored 4x4 vehicles
Rank structure
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote".
Commissioned officer ranks
The rank insignia of commissioned officers.
Template:Ranks and Insignia of NATO Armed Forces/OF/BlankOther ranks
The rank insignia of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel.
See also
- Italian Armed Forces
- Uniforms of the Italian Armed Forces
- Gruppo Sportivo della Marina Militare
- List of active Italian Navy ships
- List of decommissioned ships of the Italian Navy
- Regia Marina
Notes
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Rapporto Marina Militare 2023" (PDF). www.marina.difesa.it (in italiano).
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Rapporto Marina Militare 2023" (PDF). www.marina.difesa.it (in italiano).
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Todd, Daniel; Lindberg, Michael (May 14, 1996). Navies and Shipbuilding Industries: The Strained Symbiosis. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275953102. Retrieved May 14, 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Till, Geoffrey (August 2, 2004). Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-First Century. London: Routledge. pp. 113–120. ISBN 9781135756789. Retrieved December 15, 2015.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Coffey, Joseph I. (1989). The Atlantic Alliance and the Middle East. United States: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 89. ISBN 9780822911548. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."151° anniversario della Marina Militare all'insegna della solidarietà e della sobrietà" (in italiano). Ministero della Difesa Marina Militare. June 6, 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Council of Ministers appoints Admiral of Squadron Giuseppe Berutti Bergotto as Chief of Staff of the Marina Militare". Ministero della Difesa.
- ^ Ammiraglio di Squadra Antonio Natale Retrieved 8 March 2023
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Comandante del Comando Logistico della Marina Militare - Marina Militare". www.marina.difesa.it.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Il Comandante – Marina Militare". marina.difesa.it. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Comandante del Comando Marittimo Sud – Marina Militare". marina.difesa.it. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Marina Militare, cambio al vertice Le foto". tarantobuonasera.it. Retrieved May 14, 2018.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Augusta, Cambia Il Vertice del Comando Marittimo Sicilia: De Felice Prende Il Posto di Camerini | Siracusa News". Archived from the original on June 27, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2017.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Coast Guard – Port Authorities". Italian Navy. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Present Aviation – Marina Militare". marina.difesa.it. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Fleet – Marina Militare". marina.difesa.it. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Orrizonte Sistemi Navali Signs €1.5 Billion Contract For Two "FREMM EVO" Frigates for the Italian Navy". Naval News. November 23, 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Naval Program 2014". Marina Militare. Ministero Della Difensa. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Linee di indirizzo strategico 2019–2034" (PDF). Marina Militare. Stato Maggiore della Marina. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 23, 2019. Retrieved November 11, 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fincantieri – Logistic Support Ships". fincantieri.com. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fincantieri – Hydrographic Survey Vessel". fincantieri.com. Archived from the original on May 14, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Pinotti: "L'Italia avrà altri due sommergibili"" [Pinotti: «Italy will have two more submarines»]. The Medi Telegraph (in italiano). Archived from the original on March 16, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Italy's U212NFS Near Future Submarine Contract Signed". Naval News. February 26, 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kington, Tom (June 28, 2024). "Italy signs deal for final submarine in four-strong U-212 NFS series". Defense News.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."U212 NFS (Near Future Submarine) 2nd Contract Amendment Awarded". Naval News. December 26, 2022.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Difesa: Approvato il Documento Programmatico Pluriennale 2021–2023" [Defense: The 2021-2023 Multi-Year Programme Document has been approved]. Forze Armate.org (in italiano). August 5, 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peruzzi, Luca (November 20, 2023). "Italian MoD's Defence Planning Document 2023-2025: New Naval And Joint Programs". Naval News. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tringham, Kate (August 3, 2023). "Orizzonte Sistemi Navali receives contract for new Italian Navy OPVs". Janes.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peruzzi, Luca (November 20, 2023). "Italian MoD's Defence Planning Document 2023–2025: New Naval And Joint Programs". Naval News. Retrieved November 20, 2023.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Italian Navy orders 36 Amphibious Armoured Vehicles". Naval News. January 11, 2023.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ufficiali Ammiragli". marina.difesa.it (in italiano). Ministry of Defence. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ufficiali Superiori". marina.difesa.it (in italiano). Ministry of Defence. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ufficiali Inferiori". marina.difesa.it (in italiano). Ministry of Defence. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sottufficiali". marina.difesa.it (in italiano). Ministry of Defence. Retrieved September 26, 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."LEGGE 5 agosto 2022, n. 119" [Law 5 August 2022, n. 119] (in italiano). Archived from the original on May 24, 2024.
External links
Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Script error: No such module "Military navigation". Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Script error: No such module "Military navigation".
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Template:Allied Maritime Command Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.
_-_Harry_S._Truman_(CVN-75)_and_Charles_de_Gaulle_(R91)_underway_in_2013.JPG){kind=link}
