Jo Eom
Template:Short description Template:Family name hatnote Template:Infobox Korean name/auto Jo Eom (Korean: Script error: No such module "Lang".; Hanja: Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1719–1777) was a Korean civil minister (munsin) in the 18th century during the late Joseon Dynasty.[1]
He was also diplomat and ambassador, representing Joseon interests to the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan. He is credited with introducing the cultivation of potatoes as a food staple in Korea in the mid-18th century.[2]
Biography
Jo Eom was of the Pungyang Jo clan, and his father was Jo Sang-gyeong with the title of Ijo panseo (a Minister of Personnel, 이조판서, 吏曹判書).[3] He later married a half-aunt of Lady Hyegyeong and became the great-grandfather to the future Queen Shinjeong through his eldest son.
In 1738, he passed saengwonsi, the state examination, with a low grade. In 1752, he passed high grade examination (Jeongsi) and served for the government as the Jeongeon (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".), and became Gyori (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".), administrator of Dongnae and Amhaengeosa (Secret governmental inspectors) of Chungcheong province in 1757.[3] In 1760, he suggested to established three Jochang (조창, 漕倉, storehouse) in southern Gyeongsang province, which contributed to the economic development of the region. He also became Daesaheon (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".), Bujehak (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Yejo chamui (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".).
King Yeongjo sent a diplomatic mission to Japan (Joseon Tongsinsa) in 1764. This embassy to the court of Tokugawa Ieharu was led by Jo Eom. This diplomatic mission functioned to the advantage of both the Japanese and the Koreans as a channel for developing a political foundation for bilateral trade.[4] He brought in a foreign crop, the sweet potato, and grew it in Dongnae and Jeju Island.
He was appointed Uigeumbu jisa (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".), Ijo panseo and Jehak (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".). Soon after that, he became Pyongando Gwanchalsa, the governor of Pyongan province.[3]
After his return to court, Jo Eom was appointed Daesagan (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Ijo panseo. In 1777, he was entrapped and banished to Wiwon, northern Pyongan region, by Hong Guk-yeong's faction. Later, he was transferred to Gimhae, southern Gyeongsang region, and died there.[3]
Jo's writings and memoirs are preserved in the Haesa ilgi (Diary of Overseas Mission, 해사일기, 海槎日記) and Haehaeng chongjae (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".).[3]
Family
- Father - Jo Sang-gyeong (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1690–?)
- Mother - Lady Yi of the Bupyeong Yi clan (Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1690–?)
- Sibling(s)
- Older brother - Jo Don (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1716–1790)
- Younger brother - Jo Jeong (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1725–?)
- Wife - Lady Hong of the Pungsan Hong clan (Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1719–1808)
- Issue
- Son - Jo Jin-gwan (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1739–1808)
- Daughter-in-law - Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1739–1799); daughter of Hong Ik-bin (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Granddaughter - Lady Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1764–?)
- Granddaughter - Lady Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1767–?)
- Granddaughter - Lady Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1770–?)
- Granddaughter - Lady Jo of the Pungyang Jo clan (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1773–?)
- Grandson - Jo Man-yeong (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1776–1846)
- Grandson - Jo Won-yeong (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1779–1825); became the adopted son of his uncle Jo Jin-ui (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Grandson - Jo In-yeong (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1782–1850)
- Daughter-in-law - Lady Hong of the Namyang Hong clan (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1739–1799); daughter of Hong Ik-bin (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Son - Jo Jin-ui (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1742–?)
- Adoptive Grandson - Jo Won-yeong (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1779–1825); son of Jo Jin-gwan
- Daughter - Lady Jo (Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1746–?)
- Daughter - Lady Jo (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Son - Jo Jin-gwan (Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; 1739–1808)
See also
References
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- ^ Lee, J.S., H.S. Kim, M.N. Chung, Y.S. Ahn, B.C. Jeong and J.K. Bang. "Various Forms of Utilization and Breeding of Sweetpotato in Korea," ISHS Acta Horticulturae 703 (International Society for Horticultural Science). February 2006.
- ^ Wiwŏnhoe, Yunesŭkʻo Hanʼguk. (2004). Korean History: Discovery of Its Characteristics and Developments, p. 305; 염정섭 (Yeom Jeong-Seop). 조선 후기 고구마의 도입과 재배법의 정리 과정 ("The Introduction of Sweet Potatoes and the Development of Cultivation Methods during Late Joseon Korea"), 韩国史硏究 No. 134, January 2006. pp. 111-147.
- ^ a b c d e Template:In lang 조엄 趙曮[dead link] (in Korean) Naver Encyclopedia
- ^ Walker, Brett L. "Foreign Affairs and Frontiers in Early Modern Japan: A Historiographical Essay," Early Modern Japan. Fall, 2002, pp. 48.
Sources
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- Daehwan, Noh. "The Eclectic Development of Neo-Confucianism and Statecraft from the 18th to the 19th Century," Korea Journal (Winter 2003).
- Lewis, James Bryant. (2003). Frontier contact between chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan. London: Routledge. Template:ISBN
- Ŏm Cho; Yŏn-tʻak Chŏng and Hun Yu. (1982). Cho Ŏm ŭi Ilbon kihaeng (Script error: No such module "Lang".). Seoul: Minjok Munhwa Chʻujinhoe. OCLC
- Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 84067437
- Walker, Brett L. "Foreign Affairs and Frontiers in Early Modern Japan: A Historiographical Essay," Early Modern Japan. Fall, 2002, pp. 44–62, 124-128.
- Walraven, Boudewijn and Remco E. Breuker. (2007). Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies; Essays in Honour of Boudewijn Walraven. Leiden: CNWS Publications. Template:ISBN; Template:Catalog lookup link
- Wiwŏnhoe, Yunesŭkʻo Hanʼguk. (2004). Korean History: Discovery of Its Characteristics and Developments. Elizabeth, New Jersey: Hollym. Template:ISBN; Template:Catalog lookup link
External links
- Joseon Tongsinsa Cultural Exchange Association Template:In lang; Template:In lang
- 조선통신사연구 (Journal of Studies in Joseon Tongsinsa) Template:In lang[permanent dead link]
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