KLK7

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description Template:Cs1 config An Error has occurred retrieving Wikidata item for infobox Kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is a serine protease that in humans is encoded by the KLK7 gene.[1][2][3][4] KLK7 was initially purified from the epidermis and characterised as stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (SCCE).[5] It was later identified as the seventh member of the human kallikrein family, which includes fifteen homologous serine proteases located on chromosome 19 (19q13).[6]

Gene

Alternative splicing of the KLK7 gene results in two transcript variants encoding the same protein.[4]

Function

KLK7 is secreted as an inactive zymogen in the stratum granulosum layer of the epidermis, requiring proteolytic cleavage of the short N-terminal pro-region to liberate activated enzyme. This may be performed by KLK5 or matriptase, which are in vitro activators of KLK7.[7][8]

Once active, KLK7 is able to cleave desmocollin and corneodesmosin.[9] These proteins constitute the extracellular component of corneodesmosomes, intercellular cohesive structures which link the intermediate filaments of adjacent cells in the stratum corneum. Proteolysis of corneodesmosomes is required for desquamation, the shedding of corneocytes from the outer layer of the epidermis. This indicates a role for KLK7 in maintaining skin homeostasis. For example, KLK7 expression is highly downregulated at acral surfaces where desquamation is delayed and the epidermis is thick.[10]

Both KLK5 and KLK14, other skin-expressed proteases, also cleave corneodesmosomal proteins.[9] KLK5 is able to undergo autoactivation, as well as activating KLK7 and KLK14, suggesting a KLK skin cascade is responsible for coordinating desquamation.[8]

KLK7 activity is regulated by a number of endogenous protein inhibitors including LEKTI,[11][12] SPINK6,[13] elafin[14] and alpha-2-Macroglobulin-like 1.[15] Both Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions are also able to inhibit KLK7.[14]

KLK7 is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease, preferring to cleave proteins at the residues tyrosine, phenylalanine or leucine.[16] Analysis of peptide substrate hydrolysis indicates a strong preference for tyrosine at P1.[17]

Clinical significance

Skin disease

Dysregulation of KLK7 has been linked to several skin disorders including atopic dermatitis,[18][19] psoriasis[20] and Netherton syndrome.[21][22] These diseases are characterised by excessively dry, scaly and inflamed skin, due to a disruption of skin homeostasis and correct barrier function.

Cancer

Overexpression of KLK7 may provide a route for metastasis in ovarian,[23] breast,[24] pancreatic,[25] cervix,[26] and melanoma[27] cancers by excessive cleavage of cell junction proteins. It may also be underexpressed in lung cancer.[28]

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hansson L, Strömqvist M, Bäckman A, Wallbrandt P, Carlstein A, Egelrud T (July 1994). "Cloning, expression, and characterization of stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme. A skin-specific human serine proteinase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 269 (30): 19420–19426. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32185-3. PMID 8034709.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lundwall A, Band V, Blaber M, Clements JA, Courty Y, Diamandis EP, et al. (June 2006). "A comprehensive nomenclature for serine proteases with homology to tissue kallikreins" (PDF). Biological Chemistry. 387 (6): 637–641. doi:10.1515/BC.2006.082. PMID 16800724. S2CID 436200.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Kallikreins, Lausanne, Switzerland, September 1-3, 2005". Biological Chemistry. 387 (6): 635–824. June 2006. doi:10.1515/BC.2006.081. PMID 16800723. S2CID 83910246.
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Entrez Gene: KLK7 kallikrein-related peptidase 7".
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lundström A, Egelrud T (1991). "Stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme: a proteinase which may be generally present in the stratum corneum and with a possible involvement in desquamation". Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 71 (6): 471–474. doi:10.2340/0001555571471474. PMID 1685827.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Yousef GM, Scorilas A, Magklara A, Soosaipillai A, Diamandis EP (August 2000). "The KLK7 (PRSS6) gene, encoding for the stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme is a new member of the human kallikrein gene family - genomic characterization, mapping, tissue expression and hormonal regulation". Gene. 254 (1–2): 119–128. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00280-8. PMID 10974542.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sales KU, Masedunskas A, Bey AL, Rasmussen AL, Weigert R, List K, et al. (August 2010). "Matriptase initiates activation of epidermal pro-kallikrein and disease onset in a mouse model of Netherton syndrome". Nature Genetics. 42 (8): 676–683. doi:10.1038/ng.629. PMC 3081165. PMID 20657595.
  8. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brattsand M, Stefansson K, Lundh C, Haasum Y, Egelrud T (January 2005). "A proteolytic cascade of kallikreins in the stratum corneum". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 124 (1): 198–203. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.23547.x. PMID 15654974.
  9. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Caubet C, Jonca N, Brattsand M, Guerrin M, Bernard D, Schmidt R, et al. (May 2004). "Degradation of corneodesmosome proteins by two serine proteases of the kallikrein family, SCTE/KLK5/hK5 and SCCE/KLK7/hK7". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 122 (5): 1235–1244. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22512.x. PMID 15140227.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Merleev AA, Le ST, Alexanian C, Toussi A, Xie Y, Marusina AI, et al. (August 2022). "Biogeographic and disease-specific alterations in epidermal lipid composition and single-cell analysis of acral keratinocytes". JCI Insight. 7 (16) e159762. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.159762. PMC 9462509. PMID 35900871.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Deraison C, Bonnart C, Lopez F, Besson C, Robinson R, Jayakumar A, et al. (September 2007). "LEKTI fragments specifically inhibit KLK5, KLK7, and KLK14 and control desquamation through a pH-dependent interaction". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 18 (9): 3607–3619. doi:10.1091/mbc.e07-02-0124. PMC 1951746. PMID 17596512.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Egelrud T, Brattsand M, Kreutzmann P, Walden M, Vitzithum K, Marx UC, et al. (December 2005). "hK5 and hK7, two serine proteinases abundant in human skin, are inhibited by LEKTI domain 6". The British Journal of Dermatology. 153 (6): 1200–1203. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06834.x. PMID 16307658. S2CID 42775195.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Meyer-Hoffert U, Wu Z, Kantyka T, Fischer J, Latendorf T, Hansmann B, et al. (October 2010). "Isolation of SPINK6 in human skin: selective inhibitor of kallikrein-related peptidases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (42): 32174–32181. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.091850. PMC 2952218. PMID 20667819.
  14. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Franzke CW, Baici A, Bartels J, Christophers E, Wiedow O (September 1996). "Antileukoprotease inhibits stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme. Evidence for a regulative function in desquamation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (36): 21886–21890. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.36.21886. PMID 8702990.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Galliano MF, Toulza E, Gallinaro H, Jonca N, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Serre G, Guerrin M (March 2006). "A novel protease inhibitor of the alpha2-macroglobulin family expressed in the human epidermis". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (9): 5780–5789. doi:10.1074/jbc.m508017200. PMID 16298998.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Skytt A, Strömqvist M, Egelrud T (June 1995). "Primary substrate specificity of recombinant human stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 211 (2): 586–589. Bibcode:1995BBRC..211..586S. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1995.1853. PMID 7794273.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Debela M, Magdolen V, Schechter N, Valachova M, Lottspeich F, Craik CS, et al. (September 2006). "Specificity profiling of seven human tissue kallikreins reveals individual subsite preferences". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (35): 25678–25688. doi:10.1074/jbc.M602372200. PMID 16740631.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Komatsu N, Saijoh K, Kuk C, Liu AC, Khan S, Shirasaki F, et al. (June 2007). "Human tissue kallikrein expression in the stratum corneum and serum of atopic dermatitis patients". Experimental Dermatology. 16 (6): 513–519. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0625.2007.00562.x. PMID 17518992. S2CID 866377.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vasilopoulos Y, Cork MJ, Murphy R, Williams HC, Robinson DA, Duff GW, et al. (July 2004). "Genetic association between an AACC insertion in the 3'UTR of the stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme gene and atopic dermatitis". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 123 (1): 62–66. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22708.x. PMID 15191543.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ekholm E, Egelrud T (April 1999). "Stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme in psoriasis". Archives of Dermatological Research. 291 (4): 195–200. doi:10.1007/s004030050393. PMID 10335915. S2CID 37395502.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Descargues P, Deraison C, Bonnart C, Kreft M, Kishibe M, Ishida-Yamamoto A, et al. (January 2005). "Spink5-deficient mice mimic Netherton syndrome through degradation of desmoglein 1 by epidermal protease hyperactivity". Nature Genetics. 37 (1): 56–65. doi:10.1038/ng1493. PMID 15619623. S2CID 11404025.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Descargues P, Deraison C, Prost C, Fraitag S, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, D'Alessio M, et al. (July 2006). "Corneodesmosomal cadherins are preferential targets of stratum corneum trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like hyperactivity in Netherton syndrome". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 126 (7): 1622–1632. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700284. PMID 16628198.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dong Y, Kaushal A, Brattsand M, Nicklin J, Clements JA (May 2003). "Differential splicing of KLK5 and KLK7 in epithelial ovarian cancer produces novel variants with potential as cancer biomarkers". Clinical Cancer Research. 9 (5): 1710–1720. PMID 12738725.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Talieri M, Diamandis EP, Gourgiotis D, Mathioudaki K, Scorilas A (January 2004). "Expression analysis of the human kallikrein 7 (KLK7) in breast tumors: a new potential biomarker for prognosis of breast carcinoma". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 91 (1): 180–186. doi:10.1160/TH03-05-0261. PMID 14691584. S2CID 5692357.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Johnson SK, Ramani VC, Hennings L, Haun RS (May 2007). "Kallikrein 7 enhances pancreatic cancer cell invasion by shedding E-cadherin". Cancer. 109 (9): 1811–1820. doi:10.1002/cncr.22606. PMID 17354228. S2CID 8142528.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Santin AD, Cane' S, Bellone S, Bignotti E, Palmieri M, De Las Casas LE, et al. (August 2004). "The serine protease stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme (kallikrein 7) is highly overexpressed in squamous cervical cancer cells". Gynecologic Oncology. 94 (2): 283–288. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.05.023. PMID 15297163.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rezze GG, Fregnani JH, Duprat J, Landman G (March 2011). "Cell adhesion and communication proteins are differentially expressed in melanoma progression model". Human Pathology. 42 (3): 409–418. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2010.09.004. PMID 21193224.
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Planque C, de Monte M, Guyetant S, Rollin J, Desmazes C, Panel V, et al. (April 2005). "KLK5 and KLK7, two members of the human tissue kallikrein family, are differentially expressed in lung cancer". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 329 (4): 1260–1266. Bibcode:2005BBRC..329.1260P. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.02.100. PMID 15766562.

Further reading

Page Template:Refbegin/styles.css has no content.

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 404: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal').

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=KLK7&oldid=4936849"