Katukinan languages
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| Katukinan | |
|---|---|
| Kanamari | |
| Geographic distribution | Amazonas and Acre, Brazil |
| Linguistic classification | Harákmbut–Katukinan
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | katu1274 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
Katukinan (Catuquinan) is a language family consisting of two languages in Brazil, Katukina-Kanamarí and the perhaps moribund Katawixi. It is often not clear which names in the literature, which are generally tribal names and often correspond to dialects, refer to distinct languages. Indeed, they are close enough that some consider them all to be dialects of a single language, Kanamari.[1]
Campbell (2012) notes that Adelaar "presents reasonably persuasive evidence that Harákmbut and Katukinan are genetically related."[2]
Language contact
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Jivaro, Máku (Jukude), Mura-Matanawi, Puinave-Nadahup, Taruma, Tupi, Yanomami, and Arawak language families due to contact. This suggests that Katukinan and the language families with which it was in contact with had been earlier spoken within a central Amazon interaction sphere.[3]
Classification
Many ethnic Katukina had shifted to other languages by the time of European contact. Examples are Panoan Katukina and unclassified Katukinaru.
The common suffix dyapa, djapa means 'tribe' or 'clan', for which the varieties are named. Fabre (2005) lists Kanamarí, Txuhuã-djapá, Katukína do Jutaí (Katukina proper), and Katawixi as four attested languages.
The Tsohom Djapa are believed to speak a Katukinan language.[4]
Loukotka (1968)
A large number of Katukinan dialects have gone extinct. Loukotka (1968) illustrates data from Catuquina (Wiri-dyapá, of the Jutaí River), Canamari, Parawa (Hon-dyapa), Bendiapa, and Catauxi (Catosé, Hewadie, Katawishi, Quatausi).[5] Canamari, Parawa, and Bendiapa (Beñ-Dyapá) may constitute a single language, as may Tucundiapa (Mangeroma, Tucano Dyapa, Tsohom-Djapá, Hon-dyapa, Txunhuã-Djapá[6]). He also notes a Tawari (Tauaré, Kadekili-dyapa, Kayarára), and a Buruá (Burue, Buruhe), of which nothing has been recorded. All of them are classified as "Southern Catuquina" except for Catauxi, which is the only "Northern Catuquina" language. The locations of each variety given by Loukotka (1968) are:
- Catuquina / Wiri-dyapá - spoken on the Jutaí River
- Canamari - spoken in the state of Amazonas on the Juruá River
- Parawa / Hon-dyapá - Grégorio River near Santo Amaro
- Tucundiapa / Mangeroma - Itecoaí River (Itaquai River)
- Bendiapa - São José River
- Tawari / Kadekili-dyapá / Kayarára - spoken north of the Bendiapa tribe
- Buruá - spoken on the Biá River and Jutaí River (Unattested)
- Catauxi - Madeira River and Purus River
Mason (1950)
Mason (1950) gives Pidá-Dyapá and Kutiá-Dyapá as dialects of Catukina, and Cadekili-Dyapá and Wadyo-Paraniñ-Dyapá (Kairara) as dialects of Tawari, corresponding to Loukotka's names Kadekili-dyapa and Kayarára. He adds Catukino and a "miscellaneous" list of Amena-Dyapá, Cana-Dyapá, Hon-Dyapá (which Loukotka identifies with Parawa), Marö-Dyapá, Ururu-Dyapá, and Wiri-Dyapá (which Loukotka identifies with Catuquina). Mason's (1950) internal classification of Catukina is summarized as follows.[7]
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- Catukina
- Beñ-Dyapá (Bendiapa)
- Burue (Buruhe)
- Canamari
- Catawishi (Hewadie)
- Catukina
- Pidá-Dyapá
- Kutiá-Dyapá
- Catukino
- Parawa
- Tawari (Tauaré)
- Cadekili-Dyapá
- Wadyo-Paraniñ-Dyapá (Kairara)
- Tucun-Dyapá (Tucano Dyapa, Mangeroma)
- (miscellaneous)
- Amena-Dyapá
- Cana-Dyapá
- Hon-Dyapá
- Marö-Dyapá
- Ururu-Dyapá
- Wiri-Dyapá
See also
Bibliography
- dos Anjos, Z. (2011). Fonologia e Gramática Katukina-Kanamari. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. (Doctoral dissertation).
- Groth, Ch. (1977). Here and There in Canamarí. Anthropological Linguistics, 19:203- 215.
- Ssila, M. et al. (1989). Elementos da fonologia Kanamari. Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos, 16:123-141.
- Tastevin, C. (n.d.). Dialecte katawixy. (Manuscript).
- Tastevin, C. (n.d.). Langue canamari. (Manuscript).
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fabre, Alain (2005). "Katukina". Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos (PDF).
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Campbell, Lyle (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.). The Indigenous Languages of South America (PDF). The World of Linguistics. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59–166. ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tsohom-dyapa - Indigenous Peoples in Brazil". pib.socioambiental.org. Retrieved 2025-03-14.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Glottolog 5.2 - Tshom-Djapa". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2025-11-06.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
- Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: "KATUKINA"
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