Kimarite
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Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is the technique used in sumo by a Script error: No such module "lang". (wrestler) to win a match. It is officially decided or announced by the Script error: No such module "lang". (referee) at the end of the match, though judges can modify this decision. The records of Script error: No such module "lang". are then kept for statistical purposes.
The Japan Sumo Association (JSA) have officially recognized 82 such techniques since 2001, with five also recognized as winning non-techniques. However, only about a dozen of these are frequently and regularly used by Script error: No such module "lang"..[1]
A sumo match can still be won even without a Script error: No such module "lang"., by the virtue of disqualification due to a Script error: No such module "lang". (foul), such as striking with closed fist.
Basic techniques
The Script error: No such module "Nihongo". are some of the most common winning techniques in sumo, with the exception of Script error: No such module "lang"..
Script error: No such module "Nihongo".[2] is a rarely used basic Script error: No such module "lang". that pushes down the opponent into the ground back-first by leaning forward while grappling.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo".[2] is a basic Script error: No such module "lang". that requires pushing the opponent out of the ring using the arms, without holding their Script error: No such module "lang". (belt) or extending the arms.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo".[2] is similar to an Script error: No such module "lang"., except that the opponent falls down (as opposed to standing).
Script error: No such module "Nihongo".[2] is a basic Script error: No such module "lang". that uses a single or multiple hand thrusts to force the opponent out of the ring without maintaining any contact with the opponent.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo".[2] is similar to a Script error: No such module "lang"., except that the opponent falls down (as opposed to standing).
Script error: No such module "Nihongo".[2] is a basic Script error: No such module "lang". where the Script error: No such module "lang". maintains a grip on their opponent's Script error: No such module "lang". and forces them out of the ring. This is the most common Script error: No such module "lang". in sumo and is the result of 32.4% of all professional matches.[3]
Script error: No such module "Nihongo".[2] is similar to a Script error: No such module "lang"., except that the opponent falls down out of the ring as a result (as opposed to standing), effectively crushing him out.
Leg tripping
Leg tripping techniques (Template:Langx) are Template:Tlit where the Template:Tlit wins the match by tripping or grabbing their opponent's leg out of the ring.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit where the Template:Tlit grabs one of their opponent's leg, resulting in a loss of balance, enabling the Template:Tlit to force them out of the ring.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit where the Template:Tlit trips their opponent through one of their heel by using their own heel, thereby resulting in a loss of balance and forcing their opponent to fall down back-first.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit where the Template:Tlit wraps their leg around the opponent's leg of the opposite side and trips him backwards while grasping onto his upper body.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit which involves kicking the inside of the opponent's foot. This is usually accompanied by a quick pull that causes the opponent to lose balance and fall.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which, directly after the Template:Tlit, the attacker kicks the opponent's legs to the outside and thrusts or twists him down to the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which the attacker places his leg behind the knee of the opponent, and while twisting the opponent sideways and backwards, sweeps him over the attacker's leg and throws him down.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which an opponent responds to being thrown and puts his leg out forward to balance himself, grabbing the underside of the thigh and lifting it up, throwing the opponent down.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which an attacker lifts the opponent's ankle from the front, causing them to fall.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a triple attack. Wrapping one leg around the opponent's (inside leg trip), grabbing the other leg behind the thigh, and thrusting the head into the opponent's chest, the attacker pushes him up and off the surface, then throwing him down on his back.
This is a very rare technique, first used in the modern era by Mainoumi Shūhei, who used it two or three times in the early 1990s (officially twice, on a third occasion his win was judged by most observers to be a Template:Tlit, but was officially judged an Template:Tlit). Ishiura successfully used it against Nishikigi on Day 8 of the November 2019 tournament, for the first time in Template:Tlit since Mainoumi in 1993.[4]
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which the attacker kicks an off-balance opponent on the outside of their standing leg's foot, then throws him to the surface.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which, when the opponent escapes from a Template:Tlit by extending the other foot, the attacker switches to lift the opponent's other off-balance foot and throws him down.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which the attacker wraps his calf around the opponent's calf from the outside and drives him over backwards.
Lyoto Machida, with a sumo background, has successfully used this multiple times in the course of his mixed martial arts career.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which, directly after a Template:Tlit is avoided by the opponent, the attacker grabs the opponent's thigh from the outside, lifting it, and throwing them down on their back.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which, directly after a Template:Tlit is avoided by the opponent, an attacker drives the knee under the opponent's thigh and pulls them down to the surface.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which, directly after a Template:Tlit is avoided by the opponent, an attacker grabs the ankle of the opponent and pulls them down to the surface.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which, as the opponent is losing their balance to the front (or is moving forward), the attacker grabs the leg and pulls it back, thereby ensuring the opponent falls to the surface.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by wrapping the calf around the opponent's calf from the inside and forcing him down on his back.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by grabbing the underside of the opponent's thigh or knee with one hand and pushing with the other arm, thereby forcing the opponent out or down.
Throwing
Throwing techniques (Template:Langx) are Template:Tlit where the Template:Tlit wins the match by throwing their opponent to the Template:Tlit or out of the ring.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which, while moving backwards to the side, the opponent is pulled past the attacker and out of the ring by grabbing and pulling his arm with both hands.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by lifting the opponent's thigh with one's leg, while grasping the opponent with both arms, and then throwing the off-balance opponent to the ground.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by bending over and pulling the opponent over the attacker's hip, then throwing the opponent to the ground on his back.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which the attacker wraps their arm around the opponent's extended arm, then throws the opponent to the ground without touching their Template:Tlit. A common technique.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by the attacker wrapping the opponent's head (or neck) in his arms, throwing him down.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by extending the right (left) leg around the outside of the opponent's right (left) knee thereby sweeping both of his legs off the surface and throwing him down.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed when the attacker extends their arm under the opponent's arm to grab the opponent's Template:Tlit while dragging the opponent forwards and/or to the side, throwing them to the ground.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which the attacker extends their arm under the opponent's arm to grab the opponent's Template:Tlit and turns sideways, pulling the opponent down and throwing them to the ground.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by the attacker extending their arm under the opponent's armpit and across their back while turning sideways, forcing the opponent forward and throwing him to the ground without touching the Template:Tlit (beltless arm throw).
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique where the attacker grabs the opponent's Template:Tlit and lifts his body off the surface, pulling them into the air past the attacker and throwing them down.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is executed when the attacker extends his arm over the opponent's arm/back to grab the opponent's Template:Tlit while pulling him forwards to the ground.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by the attacker extending their arm over the opponent's arm to grab the opponent's Template:Tlit and throwing the opponent to the ground while turning sideways.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique performed by, with both wrestlers grasping each other's Template:Tlit, pushing one's leg up under the opponent's groin, lifting them off the surface and then throwing them down on their side (inner thigh throw).
Twist down
Twist down techniques (Template:Langx) are Template:Tlit where the Template:Tlit wins the match by throwing an opponent or causing them to fall through a twisting motion.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a throw with both arms pulling on the opponent's arm, causing the opponent to fall over forward. It is so named because it resembles the traditional Japanese technique for casting fishing nets.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed with both hands clasped around the opponent's back, twisting the opponent over sideways. See Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is achieved when, reaching over the opponent's back and grabbing hold of their Template:Tlit, the opponent is pulled over in front or beside the attacker.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by wrapping both arms around the opponent's extended arm and forcing him down to the Template:Tlit by way of one's shoulder. (Similar to the Template:Tlit, but the body is positioned differently)
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique where the attacker wraps his hands around the opponent's arm, both grasping the opponent's shoulder and forcing him down. This is notably used by Midorifuji.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed when twisting the opponent's arm down, causing a fall.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by twisting the opponent's head or neck down, causing a fall.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is achieved when, reacting quickly to an opponent's actions, twisting the opponent's off-balance body down to the Template:Tlit without grasping the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which the attacker takes the opponent's arm extended over one's arm and twists the arm downward, while grabbing the opponent's body and throwing it in the same direction as the arm.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by grabbing the opponent's Template:Tlit while pulling out and down, forcing the opponent's knees to the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is to wrap one arm around the opponent's extended arm while grasping onto the opponent's wrist with the other hand, twisting and forcing the opponent down (could be considered an "anti-Template:Tlit").
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit where a Template:Tlit extends an arm under the opponent's arm to grasp the Template:Tlit, then pulling the Template:Tlit down until the opponent falls or touches his knee to the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique using the left (right) hand to grab onto the outside of the opponent's right (left) knee and twisting the opponent over one's left (right) knee.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is executed by grasping the opponent's neck or head with both hands and twisting him down to the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by wrapping both arms around the opponent's extended arm and forcing him forward down to the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is achieved through twisting the opponent down to the Template:Tlit by forcing the arms on the opponent's upper torso off of his center of gravity.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique using the left (right) hand to grab onto the outside of the opponent's left (right) knee and twisting the opponent down.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by extending the arm over the opponent's arm to grasp the Template:Tlit, then pulling the Template:Tlit down until the opponent falls or touches his knee to the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is called when the head is used to thrust an opponent down during a Template:Tlit.
Backwards body drop
Backwards body drop techniques (Template:Langx) are Template:Tlit where the Template:Tlit wins the match by throwing an opponent or forcing them backwards.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique where, diving under the charge of the opponent, the attacker grabs behind one or both of the opponent's knees, or their Template:Tlit and pulls them up and over backwards.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by putting one's head under the opponent's extended arm and body, and forcing the opponent backwards over one's legs.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique carried out in the same position as a Template:Tlit, but the wrestler throws himself backwards, thus ensuring that his opponent lands first under him. The name is derived from the similarity to the shape of Japanese bell hammers.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique which, with one arm around the opponent's arm and one arm around the opponent's leg, one lifts their opponent and throws him sideways and backwards.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed with one arm around the opponents arm and one arm around the opponent's leg, lifting the opponent perpendicular across the shoulders and throwing him down. The name refers to Template:Tlit, the cords used to tie the sleeves of the traditional Japanese Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is executed by shifting the extended opponent's arm around and twisting the opponent behind one's back and down to the Template:Tlit. An uncommon move, it is associated primarily with Ura Kazuki, who is responsible for 4 of the 6 recorded top-division bouts where it was the winning technique.[5]
Special techniques
Special techniques (Template:Langx) are Template:Tlit where the Template:Tlit wins the match by techniques outside the above categories.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is slapping down the opponent's shoulder, back, or arm and forcing them to fall forwards touching the clay.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is pulling on the opponent's shoulder, arm, or Template:Tlit and forcing them to fall forwards touching the clay.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique in which, while moving backwards to the side, the opponent is pulled past the attacker and out of the Template:Tlit by grabbing and pulling their arm with both hands.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed by immobilizing the opponent's arms and shoulders with one's arms and forcing him out of the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique executed by immobilizing the opponent's arms and shoulders with one's arms and forcing him down.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a Template:Tlit in which one pushes an off-balance opponent out of the Template:Tlit from behind.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is to trip an opponent's ankle up from behind.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique where a Template:Tlit pulls an opponent down from behind.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is to throw an opponent from behind.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is achieved by knocking down an opponent from behind.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". occurs when one picks up the opponent by his Template:Tlit from behind and throws him out of the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is performed when a Template:Tlit picks up an opponent by his Template:Tlit from behind and throw him down on the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is achieved by pushing the opponent's head down from the back of the neck.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique in which, while wrestlers face each other, one picks up their opponent by his Template:Tlit and delivers him outside of the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is, while wrestlers face each other, to pick up the opponent by his Template:Tlit and slam him onto the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is called when, while the opponent is behind the Template:Tlit, to back up and push him out of the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a technique where, when near the edge of the Template:Tlit, a Template:Tlit bends himself backwards and twists the opponent's body until he steps out of the Template:Tlit.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is to push one foot of the opponent out of the ring from the side, extending the arm across the opponent's body and using the leg to force him off balance.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is achieved when, reacting to the opponent's reaction to an attacker's inside pull, the attacker pulls them off by grabbing around them around the waist, before throwing them down.
Non-techniques
Non-techniques (Template:Langx) are the five ways in which a wrestler can win without employing a technique.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". occurs when an opponent accidentally takes a backward step outside the ring with no attack initiated against him.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". occurs when, in the performance of a Template:Tlit, the opponent inadvertently steps too far forward and places a foot outside the ring.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is called when the opponent falls over backwards without a technique being initiated against him. This usually happens because he has over-committed to an attack.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is called when the opponent stumbles and lands on one or both knees without any significant prior contact with the winning wrestler.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". occurs when the opponent stumbles and lands on one or both hands without any significant prior contact with the winning wrestler.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is called when the opponent is absent for the scheduled bout (by default). There are also corresponding terms for Script error: No such module "Nihongo". and Script error: No such module "Nihongo".. Wins and losses by fusen are also visually recorded as black and white squares rather than the normal black and white circles.
Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is called when the opponent is disqualified. This can be as a result of a wrestler committing a Script error: No such module "Nihongo". or other violation, such as having his mawashi come undone.[6]
Archaic Template:Tlit and draws
The Japan Sumo Association did not attempt to start standardizing Template:Tlit decisions until 1935 and has modified its official list several times since.[1][7] As a result, databases containing sumo results from earlier periods may list Template:Tlit that are no longer recognized.
Additionally, the Japan Sumo Association has, over time, phased out the use of various draw states in favor of Script error: No such module "Nihongo". and forfeitures.[8][9] Similar to Template:Tlit, the various draw states were recorded visually in a different manner than normal victories and losses, employing white triangles for both wrestlers instead.[10][11][12][13]
See also
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ a b 過去の展示 - 平成26年
- ^ a b c d e f g Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Techniques of Sumo". NHK. Retrieved 19 June 2022.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."JAPAGRA – Top 20 Sumo Wrestling Techniques".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Hakuho easily defeats Tamawashi to stay on top". The Japan Times. 17 November 2019. Archived from the original on 18 November 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sumo Reference: Bout query result (tsutaezori)".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kattoulas, Velisarios (20 May 2000). "Exposed:Sumo Wrestler Who Lost It All". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
- ^ レファレンス事例詳細 (Detail of reference example)
- ^ Sumoforum.net "Old Kimarite"
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gunning, John (July 7, 2019). "Sumo 101: Tied bouts". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 8 July 2019. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
- ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (itamiwake)
- ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (yasumi)
- ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (hikiwake)
- ^ Sumo Reference: Bout query result (azukari)
