Knabstrupper

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Knabstrupper
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  • Knabstrup
  • Knabstrupperhesten
Country of originDenmark
DistributionPage Template:Hlist/styles.css has no content.
Useriding, driving, circus
Traits
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Colourusually spotted
Breed standards
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The Knabstrupper or Knabstrup is a Danish breed of warmblood horse. It is principally a riding horse, but is also used as a harness horse and as a circus animal.[6]Template:R/superscript It is broadly similar to the Frederiksborger, but often has a spotted coat. In the past, injudicious breeding for this characteristic alone compromised its constitution and conformation.[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript In the years after the Second World War the mechanisation of agriculture led to a sharp fall in numbers, and by the 1960s no more than 100 of the horses remained.[9]Template:R/superscript In the twenty-first century it is an endangered breed, with a world-wide population estimated at little over 2000.[2]Template:R/superscript

Characteristics

The horses usually stand between 154 and 162 cm at the withers;[5]Template:R/superscript small or pony-sized ones have also been bred.[10]Template:R/superscript

According to the Script error: No such module "Lang"., the EU-approved main organization for the Knabstrupper breed, the primary colouration should be spotted. Solid-coloured horses must only be bred to spotted-coloured horses. To be eligible for registration and breeding, a horse must also display one or more characteristics of striped hooves, mottled skin, and white sclera (white of the eye), though if still in doubt, the presence of the LP-gene may be documented with a gene-test. Horses with a grey gene, rat tail (sparse hair), or distinct pinto colourations are not eligible for registration or breeding.[11]Template:R/superscript

A 2022 study found that Knabstruppers are predisposed to Equine recurrent uveitis.[12][13]

Breed history

The Knabstrupper descends from a single mare believed to have originated in Spain who showed qualities of endurance and speed, and was of an unusual colouration: a deep red (Template:Langx) with a white tail and mane, and white flecks or "snowflakes" over her whole body and brown spots on her back.[5]Template:R/superscript She was called Flaebehoppen, 'Flaebe's mare', because she was reportedly bought by a butcher named Flaebe from an officer of the Spanish army. He sold her to Willars Knudsen Lunn [da], who took her to his estate at Knabstrup Hovedgård in the kommune of Holbæk in northern Zealand.[8]Template:R/superscript There, in 1808, after a month of testing of her working capabilities, he bred her to a Frederiksborger stallion.[5]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript The stallion Mikkel, a grandson of this pair foaled in 1818, was a noted harness-racer and a foundation stallion of the Knabstrupper breed.[5]Template:R/superscript[7]Template:R/superscript[8]Template:R/superscript In 1971, three Appaloosa stallions were imported to Denmark in the hope of adding new blood to the Knabstrupper breed; only two of them were used, and many breeders preferred to cross-breed with Danish Warmblood, Holsteiner or Trakehner stock.[10]Template:R/superscript

As of 2024, crossing Knabstruppers with other breeds such as Thoroughbreds, Arabians and other warmbloods may lead to approval, but crossing with Appaloosas will not.[14][15]

Uses

The Knabstrupper has long been used as a circus horse, and is well suited to driving and equestrian vaulting.[7]Template:R/superscript It is also used in dressage, show-jumping and eventing.[8]Template:R/superscript[16]Template:R/superscript

References

  1. ^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). List of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animal Genetic Resources, annex to The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Template:Isbn. Archived 23 June 2020.
  2. ^ a b c Breed data sheet: Knabstrupper / Denmark (Horse). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2022.
  3. ^ Breed data sheet: Knabstrupper / Germany (Horse). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2022.
  4. ^ Transboundary breed: Knabstrupper. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed September 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d e Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. Template:Isbn.
  6. ^ Élise Rousseau, Yann Le Bris, Teresa Lavender Fagan (2017). Horses of the World. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Template:Isbn.
  7. ^ a b c d Elwyn Hartley Edwards (1994). The Encyclopedia of the Horse. London; New York; Stuttgart; Moscow: Dorling Kindersley. Template:Isbn.
  8. ^ a b c d Elwyn Hartley Edwards (2016). The Horse Encyclopedia. New York, New York: DK Publishing. Template:Isbn.
  9. ^ Irina Wenk (2020). The ideal horse: politics and practices of Knabstrupper breeding. In: Kristen Guest, Monica Mattfeld (editors) (2020). Horse Breeds and Human Society: Purity, Identity and the Making of the Modern Horse. Abingdon; New York: Routledge. Template:Isbn.
  10. ^ a b History. Viborg: Knabstrupperforeningen for Danmark. Accessed February 2024.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Breeding Program for the Purebred Knabstrupper of Classic Type (adopted 2005)" (PDF). Knabstrupperforeningen for Danmark. 20 January 2024.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gershony, Liza Crissiuma (28 October 2022). "VGL Research identify risk factors for insidious uveitis in Knabstrupper horses". UC Davis Veterinary Medicine. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kingsley, Nicole B.; Sandmeyer, Lynne; Parker, Sarah E.; Dwyer, Ann; Heden, Sanna; Reilly, Camilla; Hallendar‐Edman, Anna; Archer, Sheila; Bellone, Rebecca R. (September 2023). "Risk factors for insidious uveitis in the Knabstrupper breed". Equine Veterinary Journal. 55 (5): 820–830. doi:10.1111/evj.13879. Retrieved 26 March 2025.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Breeding Programs 2024" (PDF). Knabstrupperforeningen for Denmark. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Knabstrupper". Westfalen Verband. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Breed of the Month: Knabstrupper" (PDF). USDF Connection. USDF. June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 November 2023.

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