Kniphofia
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Kniphofia (/nɪpˈhoʊfiə/,[2] /nɪˈfoʊfiə/,[3][4] /nɪfˈoʊfiə/[5]) is a genus of perennial flowering plants in the family Asphodelaceae, first described as a genus in 1794.[6] All species of Kniphofia are native to Africa. Common names include tritoma, red hot poker, torch lily and poker plant.
Description
The genus has herbaceous and evergreen species. The herbaceous species and hybrids have narrow, grass-like leaves 10–100 cm (4–39 in) long, while evergreen species have broader, strap-shaped foliage up to 1.5 m (5 ft) long. All plants produce spikes of upright, brightly coloured flowers well above the foliage, in shades of red, orange and yellow, often bicoloured.[7] The flowers produce copious nectar while blooming and are attractive to bees and nectar-feeding birds such as sugarbirds and sunbirds.[8] The Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) has been observed to feed on the nectar produced by Kniphofia foliosa;[9] they are thought to be the only macropredator known to potentially act as a pollinator.[10] In the New World, they may attract nectarivores such as hummingbirds and New World orioles.[citation needed]
Taxonomy
The genus Kniphofia was first erected by Conrad Moench in 1794.[11] Moench considered the species he was describing (now Kniphofia uvaria) sufficiently different from Carl Linnaeus's genus Aletris and from Veltheimia to warrant a new genus.[12] The name honours Johann Hieronymus Kniphof, an 18th-century German physician and botanist.[13]
Species
As of February 2025[update], Plants of the World Online accepted 73 species, including two hybrids.[1]
- Kniphofia acraea Codd - Cape Provinces of South Africa
- Kniphofia albescens Codd - Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia albomontana Baijnath - Lesotho, South Africa
- Kniphofia angustifolia (Baker) Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia ankaratrensis Baker - Madagascar
- Kniphofia baurii Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia benguellensis Welw. ex Baker - Angola, Zambia
- Kniphofia bequaertii De Wild. - Zaire, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda
- Kniphofia brachystachya (Zahlbr.) Codd - Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia breviflora Harv. ex Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Free State
- Kniphofia bruceae (Codd) Codd - Cape Province
- Kniphofia buchananii Baker - KwaZulu-Natal
File:Kniphofia buchananii 253218620.jpg Kniphofia buchananii File:Kniphofia drepanophylla, Jardin exotique de Roscoff.jpg Kniphofia drepanophylla, Jardin exotique de Roscoff File:Kniphofia laxiflora 115169314.jpg Kniphofia laxiflora File:Kniphofia northiae 12440449.jpg Kniphofia northiae File:Kniphofia uvaria einzeln.JPG Kniphofia uvaria File:Kniphofia foliosa.jpg Kniphofia foliosa - Kniphofia caulescens Baker - Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province, Free State
- Kniphofia citrina Baker - Cape Province
- Kniphofia coddiana Cufod. - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Province
- Kniphofia coralligemma E.A.Bruce - Limpopo
- Kniphofia crassifolia Baker - Limpopo
- Kniphofia drepanophylla Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia dubia De Wild - Zaire, Tanzania, Zambia, Angola
- Kniphofia ensifolia Baker - South Africa
- Kniphofia × erythraeae Fiori - Eritrea (K. pumila × K. schimperi)
- Kniphofia evansii Baker - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia fibrosa Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia flammula Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia fluviatilis Codd - South Africa
- Kniphofia foliosa Hochst. - Ethiopia
- Kniphofia galpinii Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Eswatini, Mpumalanga
- Kniphofia goetzei Engl. - Tanzania
- Kniphofia gracilis Harv. ex Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia grantii Baker - Zaire, Tanzania, Zambia, Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Malawi
- Kniphofia hildebrandtii Cufod. - Ethiopia
- Kniphofia hirsuta Codd - Lesotho, Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia ichopensis Schinz - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia insignis Rendle - Ethiopia
- Kniphofia isoetifolia Hochst. - Ethiopia
- Kniphofia latifolia Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia laxiflora Kunth - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia leucocephala Baijnath - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia linearifolia Baker - Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Eswatini, South Africa
- Kniphofia littoralis Codd - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia marungensis Lisowski & Wiland - Zaire
- Kniphofia mulanjeana S.Blackmore - Mt. Mulanje in Malawi
- Kniphofia multiflora J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans - Eswatini, South Africa
- Kniphofia nana Marais - Zaire
- Kniphofia northiae Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia nubigena Mildbr. - Sudan
- Kniphofia pallidiflora Baker - Massif de l' Ankaratra in Madagascar
- Kniphofia paludosa Engl - Elton Plateau in Tanzania
- Kniphofia parviflora Kunth - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia pauciflora Baker - KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia porphyrantha Baker - Lesotho, Eswatini, South Africa
- Kniphofia × praecox Baker - Cape Provinces (K. bruceae × K. uvaria)
- Kniphofia princeae (A.Berger) Marais - Zaire, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Malawi
- Kniphofia pumila (Aiton) Kunth - Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea
- Kniphofia reflexa Hutch. ex Codd - Nigeria, Cameroon (endangered)[14]
- Kniphofia reynoldsii Codd - Tanzania, Zambia
- Kniphofia rigidifolia E.A.Bruce - Mpumalanga
- Kniphofia ritualis Codd - Free State, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia rooperi (T.Moore) Lem. - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia sarmentosa (Andrews) Kunth - Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia schimperi Baker - Ethiopia, Eritrea
- Kniphofia splendida E.A.Bruce - Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, northeastern South Africa, Eswatini
- Kniphofia stricta Codd - Cape Provinces, Lesotho
- Kniphofia sumarae Deflers - Ibb Mountains of Yemen
- Kniphofia tabularis Marloth - Cape Provinces
- Kniphofia thodei Baker - Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal
- Kniphofia thomsonii Baker - Zaire, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia
- Kniphofia triangularis Kunth - Lesotho, South Africa
- Kniphofia typhoides Codd - Limpopo, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Mpumalanga
- Kniphofia tysonii Baker - KwaZulu-Natal, Cape Provinces, Eswatini
- Kniphofia umbrina Codd - Eswatini
- Kniphofia uvaria (L.) Oken - Cape Provinces; naturalized in Mexico, North Carolina, Spain, Oregon, Turkey, Washington State, St. Helena, California
- Kniphofia vandeweghei Fischer & Ackermann - Rwanda
Cultivation
Several species of Kniphofia are cultivated as garden plants, valued for their architectural properties. These include K. galpini, K. northiae, K. rooperi and K. thomsonii.
In addition to the species, many named cultivars of mixed or uncertain parentage have been selected for garden use. The following have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-[15]
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- 'Barton Fever' [16] (orange-white, 100 cm)
- 'Bees' Sunset' [17] (yellow, 90 cm)
- 'Brimstone' [18] (sulphur yellow, 90 cm)
- 'Buttercup' [19] (clear yellow, 75 cm)
- 'Coral Flame' [20] (coral red, 90 cm)
- 'Fiery Fred' [21] (orange, 130 cm)
- 'Incandesce' [22] (orange, 140 cm)
- 'Innocence' [23] (red-yellow, 110 cm)
- 'Jonathan' [24] (red-orange, 130 cm)
- 'Moonstone' [25] (yellow, 120 cm)
- 'Nobilis' [26] (evergreen, orange and yellow, 150 cm+)
- 'Penny Rockets' [27] (orange, 100 cm)
- 'Primrose Upward' [28] (yellow, 115 cm)
- 'Rich Echoes' [29] (orange-yellow, 120 cm)
- 'Royal Standard' [30] (red and yellow, 90 cm)
- 'Safranvogel' [31] (peach pink, 80 cm)
- 'Samuel's Sensation' [32] (red-yellow, 150 cm)
- 'Sunningdale Yellow' [33] (orange and yellow, 60 cm)
- 'Tawny King' [34] (cream/brown, 120 cm)
- 'Timothy' [35] (orange, 100 cm)
- 'Toffee Nosed' [36] (cream/brown, 100 cm)
- 'Wrexham Buttercup' [37] (yellow, 120 cm)
Gallery
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Kniphofia planted near Canary Wharf in London
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Kniphofia 'Shenandoah'
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Kniphofia along the Ohlone Greenway trail in El Cerrito, California
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Terete raceme of Kniphofia shown together with a cross section of a peduncle. A: Inflorescence; B: Terete peduncle; C: Cross section of a terete peduncle
See also
References
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- ^ a b Template:Cite POWO
- ^ Sunset Western Garden Book, 1995:606–607
- ^ Template:Cite LPD
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Coombes, Allen J. (1994). Dictionary of Plant Names. London: Hamlyn Books. ISBN 978-0-600-58187-1.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Johnson, A.T. & Smith, H.A. (1972). Plant Names Simplified : Their Pronunciation Derivation & Meaning. Buckenhill, Herefordshire: Landsmans Bookshop. ISBN 978-0-900513-04-6.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Asphodeloideae
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia species | PlantZAfrica". pza.sanbi.org. Retrieved 2025-11-03.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ethiopian Wolves Become First Large Carnivore Documented Feeding on Nectar". 20 November 2024.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cabrera, Constanza (2025-01-02). "The strange Ethiopian nectar-eating wolf: A predator that may also act as a pollinator". EL PAÍS English. Retrieved 2025-12-11.
- ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Moench, Carl (1794). "Kniphofia". Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici et Agri Marburgensis (in Latina). Marburgh. pp. 631–632. Retrieved 2025-02-21.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Johnson, A.T. & Smith, H.A. (1972). Plant Names Simplified : Their Pronunciation Derivation & Meaning. Buckenhill, Herefordshire: Landsmans Bookshop. ISBN 978-0-900513-04-6. p. 59.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia reflexa". Redlist.org. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 57. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Barton Fever'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Bees' Sunset'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Brimstone'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Buttercup'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Coral Flame'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Fiery Fred'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Incandesce'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Innocence'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Jonathan'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Moonstone'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Nobilis'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Penny Rockets'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Primrose Upward'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Rich Echoes'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Royal Standard'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Safranvogel'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Samuel's Sensation'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Sunningdale Yellow'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Tawny King'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Timothy'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Toffee Nosed'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kniphofia 'Wrexham Buttercup'". RHS. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
External links
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