Konispol
Template:Infobox settlement (Albanian) Konispol (Albanian definite form: Konispoli) is the southernmost town in Albania. It sits one kilometer away from the Albanian-Greek border. The settlement is inhabited by Cham Albanians.[1] Konispol is the modern centre of the Cham Albanian community in Albania. The main economic interests of Konispol are agriculture and viticulture.
The town is the seat of the southernmost administrative unit in Albania, the Municipality of Konispol (Template:Langx). It was formed during the 2015 local government reform by the merger of the former municipalities of Konispol, Markat and Xarrë. [2] The total population is 8,245 (2011 census),[3] in a total area of 226.26 km2.[4] The population of the municipal unit as of the 2023 census is 1,758.[5]
The former Konispol municipal unit (pre-2015) consisted of the town Konispol and the village Çiflik.[6] The new larger municipality of Konispol contains settlements that are inhabited by Albanians who form the majority of the population, Aromanians, Greeks and Romani that live in the villages of Xarrë municipal unit.[1][7][8]
Name
The name of the settlement Konispol is derived from коньць, konytsy and поля, polya, Slavic words for end and field referring to the end of a field.[9]
History
Traces of human presence in Konispol can be found in the Kreçmoi Cave on the late period of the Middle Paleolithic era (40,000-30,000 years ago).[10][11][12]
The area was part of the ancient region of Epirus and was inhabited by Chaonian Epirotes.[13]
In 1943, Konispol was noted for being the battleground of a fierce conflict between German units, Cham collaborators from the Thesprotia province in Greece of the Nuri Dino battalion, and the communist Albanian resistance.[14] On 8 October 8, 1943, a meeting of the Albanian and Greek communist resistance groups took place in the town.[15] Apart from recognising that Albanian and Greek minorities existed on either side of the border, due to disagreements between the communist movements, a separate headquarters for the communist resistance units of the Greek minority in Albania was planned.[15]
In 1992, seven caves were discovered just north of the town with findings that dated from the Upper Paleolithic age to the Iron Age.[16]
Modern period
Konispol, due to its proximity to the Albanian-Greek borders, is part of the European Union's Greece – Albania Neighbourhood Programme for improving the standard of living of the local population by promoting sustainable local development in the cross-border area between the two countries.
Demographics
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| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1989 | 2,676 | — |
| 2001 | 2,230 | −16.7% |
| 2011 | 2,123 | −4.8% |
| 2023 | 1,758 | −17.2% |
| Source: [17][5] | ||
The municipal seat Konispol,[7] along with the villages of Dishat, Vërvë, Shalës, Markat, Ninat, and Janjar, are populated by native Cham Albanians.[1] The village of Xarrë is inhabited by an Orthodox Albanian majority, Muslim Albanian Chams (200) that arrived from northern Greece in the 1920s and 1940s, a combined population of Aromanians and Greeks (50) and some Romani.[1][7] Mursi is inhabited by an Orthodox Albanian majority, alongside a few Muslim Albanians and Greeks.[1][7][18] Çiflik is inhabited by Orthodox Albanians, Aromanians, Muslim Albanians and a few Greeks.[1] Shkallë is inhabited by an Aromanian majority, alongside a few Muslim Albanians and Greeks and also contains a few families of Muslim Romani originally from Filiates, Greece who were expelled in 1944–1945.[1][8] Vrinë is a new village established during the communist period and is populated by Muslim Albanians (400), Orthodox Albanians (318) and Greeks (300).[1]
Location
Konispol is:
- 301 kilometres (118 miles) from Albania's capital city Tirana (geographically and by road)
- 1 kilometre (0.6 miles) from the Albanian-Greek border (geographically)
- 4 kilometres (3 miles) from Sagiada, Greece (geographically)
Notable people
- Teme Sejko (August 25, 1922 – May 31, 1961), Albanian rear admiral and commander of the Albanian navy and the naval base of Durrës
- Hasan Tahsini, astronomer, mathematician and philosopher; first rector of Istanbul University; prominent 19th century Ottoman scholar
- Osman Taka, folk music dancer
- Muhamet Kyçyku (Çami), Cham poet, also considered a poet of the Albanian National Renaissance[19]
- Bilal Xhaferri (May 10 or November 2, 1935 – 1986), Albanian writer and political dissident against the Albanian communist regime
References
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- ^ a b c d e f g h Kallivretakis, Leonidas (1995). "Η ελληνική κοινότητα της Αλβανίας υπό το πρίσμα της ιστορικής γεωγραφίας και δημογραφίας [The Greek Community of Albania in terms of historical geography and demography." In Nikolakopoulos, Ilias, Kouloubis Theodoros A. & Thanos M. Veremis (eds). Ο Ελληνισμός της Αλβανίας [The Greeks of Albania]. University of Athens. p. 51. "Ε Έλληνες, ΑΧ Αλβανοί Ορθόδοξοι Χριστιανοί, AM Αλβανοί Μουσουλμάνοι, ΤΣ Τσάμηδες, Β Βλάχοι, Μ Μικτός πληθυσμός”; p.52. “KONISPOL ΚΟΝΙΣΠΟΛΗ 2380 ΤΣ; VERVE BEPBA 345 ΤΣ; DISHAT ΝΤΙΣΑΤΙ 317 ΤΣ; SHALES ΣΑλΕΣΙ 1168 ΤΣ; ΝΙΝΑΤ NINATI (ΝΙΝΑΤΕΣ) 547 ΤΣ; MARKAT MAPKATI 748 ΤΣ; JANJAR ΓΙΑΝΑΡΙ 595 ΤΣ; XARRE TZAPA 2085 AX + αμ (200) + ε/β (50); MURSI ΜΟΥΡΣΙ (ΜΟΥΡΤΣΙΑ) 1984 AX + αμ + ε; VRINE BPINA (νέο) 1018 M (400 AM+ 318 ΑΧ+ 300 E); SHKALLE ΣΚΑΛΛΑ 619 Β + αμ + ε; ÇIFLIK ΤΣΙΦΛΙΚΙ 525 Μ (ΑΧ + Β + AM + ε)"
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Law nr. 115/2014" (PDF) (in shqip). p. 6376. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Population and housing census - Vlorë 2011" (PDF). INSTAT. Retrieved 2019-09-25.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Correspondence table LAU – NUTS 2016, EU-28 and EFTA / available Candidate Countries" (XLS). Eurostat. Retrieved 2019-09-25.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
2023popwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Greece – Albania Neighbourhood Programme Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kretsi, Georgia (2005). "The uses of origin: Migration, Power-struggle and Memory in southern Albania". In King, Russell; Mai, Nicola; Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie (eds.). The New Albanian Migration. Brighton-Portland: Sussex Academic. ISBN 9781903900789. pp. 197-198. The first village, Xarrë, contains a mixed population in regard to confession and language.[3] The village is about 15 km from the Albanian-Greek border crossing point (for pedestrians) of Qafë Bota and around 30 km from the district capital, Sarandë. The second community, Mursi, consists of a rather homogeneous population in terms of religious affiliation and language (Christian and Albanian speaking) and is located just 1 km away from Xarrë. The third village, Konispol, around 10 km distant from these villages, is a traditionally Muslim, Albanian speaking settlement and is situated close to the 'green line' with Greece."; p. 210. "[3]. In Xarrë the relevant groups were Albanian-speaking Christians, Çam people (or Chams - the Albanian speaking minority settled in northern Greece/Epirus in the 1920s and 1940s), Vlachs (cattle breeders, speaking a Latin-based language), Roma, and some members of the Greek minority."
- ^ a b Baltsiotis, Lambros (2015). "Balkan Roma immigrants in Greece: An initial approach to the traits of a migration flow", International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication. 1. (1): 5. " In general terms, it seems that previous ties of any kind with Greece facilitate not only the migration but also a more permanent way of living in the country. This is the case with the Muslim Roma of Filiati in Thesprotia who, following the expulsion of the Muslim Albanian Chams from Greece in 1944-1945, were settled in the village of Shkallë, Sarandë in Albania. The majority of the families, more than fifteen, gradually settled in Greece.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ylli, Xhelal (1997). Das slavische Lehngut im Albanischen. Teil 2: Ortsnamen [Slavic Loan Material in Albanian. Part 2: Placenames] (PDF) (in Deutsch). Verlag Otto Sagner. p. 127. ISBN 9783876907727. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 February 2022.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sheme, Selman (2016). Çamëria-Vështrim gjeopopullativ dhe etnokulturor (in shqip). Tiranë: Albas. p. 21. ISBN 978-9928-02-778-8.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Myzyri, Hysni (2001). Historia e Shqipërisë dhe Shqiptarëve (in shqip). Prizren: Sprint. pp. 13–14. OCLC 60603000.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Korkuti, Muzafer; Petruso, Karl M.; Bejko, Lorenc; EIlwood, Brooks B.; Hansen, Julie M.; Harrold, Francis B.; Rusell, Nerissa; Bottema, Sytze (1996). "Shpella e Konispolit (Raport paraprak për gërmimet e viteve 1992-1994) / Konispol cave, Albania (A preliminary report on excavation, 1992-1994)". Iliria. 26 (1): 183–224. doi:10.3406/iliri.1996.1666.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hammond, N.G.L. (1997). "Hammond The Tribal Systems of Epirus and Neighbouring Areas down to 400 B.C.". Epirus, 4000 Years of Greek History and Civilization: 55.
Chaonian power thus ran from the northern end of the Gulf of Aulon (adjacent to Apollonia) to the southern end of the plain by Konispolis
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Meyer, Hermann Frank (2008). Blutiges Edelweiß: Die 1. Gebirgs-division im zweiten Weltkrieg [Bloodstained Edelweiss. The 1st Mountain-Division in WWII] (in Deutsch). Ch. Links Verlag. ISBN 978-3-86153-447-1.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kretsi, Georgia (2002). "The 'Secret' Past of the Greek-Albanian Borderlands". Ethnologia Balkanica (6): 181.
In 1943 the first rapprochements had taken place between the Albanian and Greek communist resistance movements, and although no concrete statuses were defined, the minorities on both sides were recognized mutually for the first time.[35].; [35]Serious disagreements emerged, however, due to the convention of Konispol (8/10/1943) a separate headquarters for the Greek minority was planned
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schuldenrein, Joseph (1998-06-01). "Konispol Cave, southern Albania, and correlations with other Aegean caves occupied in the Late Quaternary". Geoarchaeology. 13 (5): 501–526. doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6548(199806)13:5<501::aid-gea3>3.0.co;2-4. ISSN 1520-6548.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Albania: All places/communes".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1967). Epirus: the Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 95. ISBN 9780198142539. "The small hamlet of Çiflik lies below the hill of Aetos, and it is one hour's walk from there to Murzië, an Albanian speaking village of 700 people"
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Elsie, Robert (1992). "Albanian Literature in the Moslem Tradition: Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century Albanian Writing in Arabic Script". Oriens. 33: 287–306. doi:10.2307/1580608. JSTOR 1580608.
External links
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