Kugel
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| Type | casserole |
|---|---|
| Place of origin | Jewish communities from Central Europe, United States, France, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Argentina, South Africa, and other communities in the Jewish diaspora. |
| Created by | Ashkenazi Jews |
| Main ingredients | Lokshen noodles or potatoes, less commonly matzo, challah, rice, apple, cornmeal, dough |
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Kugel (Template:Langx Script error: No such module "Lang"., pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA".) is a baked casserole, most commonly made from egg noodles (lokshen) or shredded potato. It is a traditional Ashkenazi Jewish dish, often served on Sabbath and Jewish holidays.[1] American Jews also serve it for Thanksgiving dinner.[2][3] In Hungary it is known as "vargabéles" and served as a sweet dish.
Etymology
The name of the dish comes from the Middle High German Script error: No such module "Lang". meaning 'sphere, globe, ball'; thus the Yiddish name likely originated as a reference to the round, puffed-up shape of the original dishes (compare to German Script error: No such module "Lang".—a type of ring-shaped cake). However, nowadays kugel is often baked in square pans.
In Yiddish (and sometimes in English), noodle and potato kugel are called Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang". Script error: No such module "Lang"., respectively. The name of the dish may also be spelled Script error: No such module "Lang"., reflecting the Galitzianer (Southeastern European) Yiddish pronunciation.[4]
History
The first kugels were made from bread and flour and were savory rather than sweet. About 800 years ago, Jewish cooks in Germany replaced bread mixtures with lokshen noodles or farfel.[5] Eventually eggs were incorporated. The addition of cottage cheese and milk created a custard-like consistency common in today's dessert dishes. In Poland, Jewish homemakers added raisins, cinnamon and sweet curd cheese to noodle kugel recipes. In the late 19th century, Jerusalemites combined caramelized sugar and black pepper in a noodle kugel known as the Jerusalem kugel (Template:Langx), which is a commonly served at Shabbat kiddushes and is a popular side dish served with cholent during Shabbat lunch.
In Romania, this dish is called Script error: No such module "Lang". ("macaroni pudding") or Script error: No such module "Lang".. It is made with or without cheese, but almost always includes raisins.[6] In Transylvania, especially in the Hungarian-speaking regions, a very similar dish is called Script error: No such module "Lang"..[7][8]
Savory kugel may be based on potatoes, matzah, cabbage, carrots, zucchini, spinach, or cheese.[9]
Romani people call it pirogo. The Romani version is made with raisins, cream cheese, and butter.[10]
Varieties
Jerusalem kugel
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Script error: No such module "lang"., (Script error: No such module "Lang". 'Jerusalem kugel'), also known as Galilean kugel, is an Israeli Jewish kugel dish originating from the local Jewish community of Jerusalem in the 1700s.
Noodle kugel
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Noodle kugel (Script error: No such module "lang".) is an Ashkenazi Jewish casserole, side dish and popular variety of kugel made with lokshen noodles and either a variety of dairy or pareve ingredients.
Potato kugel
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Potato kugel is a potato-based kugel of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, made with grated or pureed potatoes, onions, eggs, flour or matzo meal, oil, salt and pepper.
Vargabéles
A Hungarian sweet dish made with angel hair pasta, curd, eggs, raisin, and phyllo pastry.
Jewish festivals
Kugels are a mainstay of festive meals in Ashkenazi Jewish homes, particularly on the Jewish Sabbath and other Jewish holidays or at a tish. Some Hasidic Jews believe that eating kugel on the Jewish Sabbath brings special spiritual blessings, particularly if that kugel was served on the table of a Hasidic Rebbe.[11]
South African slang usage
Among South African Jews, the word kugel was used by the elder generation as a term for a young Jewish woman who forsook traditional Jewish dress values for those of the ostentatiously wealthy and became overly materialistic and overgroomed, mirroring how the kugel is a plain pudding garnished as a delicacy. The women thus described made light of the term, and it has since become an amusing rather than derogatory slang in South African English for a materialistic young woman.[12]
Similar dishes
See also
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References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Vered, Ronit (February 22, 2012). "In Search of the Holy Kugel". Haaretz. Archived from the original on May 18, 2018. Retrieved March 30, 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bronner, Simon J. (2021). Jewish Cultural Studies. Wayne State University Press. p. 310.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Desai, Jigna. Rooted Homelands, Routed Hostlands: (en)gendered Mobility in the South Asian Diaspora. University of Minnesota. p. 86.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Eisenberg, Joyce; Ellen Scolnic (2016). The Whole Spiel: Funny essays about digital nudniks, seder selfies and chicken soup memories. Incompra Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-69272625-9.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."What is Kugel?". Jewish Recipes. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Budinca de Macaroane". Lalena (in română).
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Vargabeles". E-Retete (in română). 29 March 2010. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Vargabeles - budinca ungureasca de taitei cu branza". Gustos.ro (in română). Retrieved 26 April 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Kugels". rec.food.cuisine.jewish Archives. Mimi's Cyber Kitchen. Archived from the original on May 4, 2012. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Inside the Culinary Traditions of the Roma people".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nadler, Allan (2005). "Holy Kugel: The Sanctification of Ashkenzaic Ethnic Food in Hasidism" (PDF). In Leonard Greenspoon (ed.). Food & Judaism. Creighton University Press. pp. 193–211. ISBN 978-1-881871-46-0. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-27. Retrieved 2016-01-08.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sarah Britten (2006). The Art of the South African Insult. 30 degrees South Publishers. pp. 198–199. ISBN 978-1920143053. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
External links
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- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nathan, Joan (September 28, 2005). "Kugel Unraveled". The New York Times.
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