LNWR Whale Precursor Class

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LNWR Precursor Class (Whale)
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No. 513, Precursor in photographic grey livery
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Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerGeorge Whale
BuilderLNWR Crewe Works
Serial number4415–4419, 4440–4504, 4510–4549, 4660–4679
Build date1904–1907
Total produced130
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Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte4-4-0
 • UIC2′B n2 or 2′B h2
GaugePage Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Driver dia.6 ft 9 in (2.057 m)
Loco weight59.15 long tons (60.10 t)
Boiler pressure175 psi (1.21 MPa)
CylindersTwo
Cylinder size19 in × 26 in (483 mm × 660 mm) or Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.20+1⁄2 in × 26 in (521 mm × 660 mm)
Valve gearJoy
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Performance figures
Tractive effort18,222 lbf (81.1 kN) or 20,640 lbf (91.8 kN)
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Career
OperatorsLondon and North Western Railway
→ London, Midland and Scottish Railway
→ British Railways
Power classLMS: 2P, 3P
Number in class1 January 1923: 130
1 January 1948: 1
Withdrawn1927–1949
DispositionAll scrapped

The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) "Precursor" Class was a type of 4-4-0 ("American") steam locomotive designed by the company's Chief Mechanical Engineer, George Whale.[1][2] Introduced in 1904, it should not be confused with the LNWR 2-4-0 "Precursor" Class of 1874 designed by Francis Webb, the last example of which was scrapped in 1895.[3] In 1906, a 4-4-2T ("Atlantic") tank variant of Whale's engine, the "Precursor Tank" Class, also entered service.[4]

History

The Precursor Class was essentially a larger version of the LNWR "Improved Precedent" Class, being Whale's first attempt at producing a locomotive which would remove the requirement for express trains to be double headed (then standard practice on the LNWR).[5] 130 examples of the class were constructed at Crewe Works between March 1904 and August 1907,[6] their introduction allowing Whale to phase out the unreliable compound locomotives favoured by his predecessor, Francis Webb.[7][8][9] As built, they were saturated, although a small number were fitted with superheaters between February 1913 and September 1919.[3]

View of Precursor Class number 1117 Vandal and crew in front of Shrewsbury engine shed, soon after emerging from Crewe Works in November 1904.
Precursor Class no. 1117 Vandal at Shrewsbury engine shed, soon after emerging from Crewe Works in November 1904 (from an old postcard).[10]

Whilst the Precursors created issues for crews as some of the cab controls were difficult to operate or reach,Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. they were generally successful in terms of operating performance.[11] However, having apparently experienced difficulty keeping time on trials between Crewe and Carlisle, they were not used on heavier gradients such as the climb to Shap.[a] Because of this an extended version of the Precursors, the 4-6-0 "Experiment" Class, was introduced in 1905.[13] Nevertheless, double heading was still necessary on many trains north of Preston due to accelerated schedules and increased loads.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

In 1910, the Precursors were developed by Whale's successor, Charles Bowen-Cooke, into the 4-4-0 superheated "George the Fifth" Class.[5][14] The main visual difference was that the Precursors had separate splashers over each of the driving wheels while the Georges had combined splashers that covered both pairs.

The LNWR reused numbers and names from withdrawn locomotives, with the result that the numbering system was completely haphazard. Starting with the first of the class 513 "Precursor" in 1913, were given superheaters, the process continuing until just after grouping in 1923. Most of the superheated engines were also converted from having slide valves to piston valves.

This resulted in two main subclasses; saturated locomotives with 19 by 26 inches (480 mm × 660 mm) cylinders, and superheated locomotives with 20.5 by 26 inches (520 mm × 660 mm) cylinders. The LMS gave them the power classification 3P. The saturated engines were given the LMS numbers in the 5187–5266 series, though not all survived long enough to receive them. The superheated engines were given the LMS numbers 5270–5319 (5267–5269 were not used).

The LMS continued to superheat engines until 1926, these rebuilds retained their LMS number. Also, three superheated engines became saturated via boiler swaps.

Withdrawals of the saturated engines started in 1927 and the last engine in as built condition was withdrawn in 1935. The four superheated engines which retained slide valves were withdrawn from 1931 to 1936. Withdrawals of the superheated engines with piston valves began in 1935. Those not withdrawn had 20000 added to their numbers from 1934 to 1937 to make room for Black Fives.

By the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939, only 11 Precursors were still in service.[3][15] A single example, 25297 "Sirocco", was inherited by British Railways in 1948, but this was withdrawn in June 1949 before the number it had been allocated (58010) could be applied.[16][17]

None were preserved.

Accidents

Great Bridgeford

On 17 June 1932, locomotive number 5278 Precursor was hauling the 7:23 p.m. Crewe to Stafford and Birmingham New Street express passenger service when, at around 7:52 p.m., the engine and all four coaches derailed just to the south of Great Bridgeford station, Staffordshire.

Of the 70 to 80 passengers on board the train, three were killed immediately and a fourth died in hospital the next day. 54 people were injured in the accident, with 11 people (the driver and fireman plus 9 passengers) getting injuries serious enough for hospitalization, and a further 18 were treated at the scene and able to continue their journeys.[18][19]

Fleet list

Table of locomotives
LNWR No.[6] Name(s)[3][6] Crewe
Works No.[6]		 Date built[6] LMS No.[3][15] Date withdrawn[b] Notes
513 Precursor 4415 Template:Dts 5278 Template:Dts (f)(h)
1395 Harbinger 4416 Template:Dts 5291 Template:Dts (h)(i)
1419 Tamerlane 4417 Template:Dts 5285 Template:Dts (h)
2023 Helvellyn 4418 Template:Dts 5187 Template:Dts (h)(i)
2164 Oberon 4419 Template:Dts 5277 Template:Dts (h)(i)
2 Simoom 4440 Template:Dts 5308 Template:Dts (h)
7 Titan 4441 Template:Dts 5276 Template:Dts (h)
412 Alfred Paget,
Marquis		 4442 Template:Dts 5188 Template:Dts (a)(h)(i)
510 Albatross 4443 Template:Dts 5189 Template:Dts
659 Dreadnought 4444 Template:Dts 5296 Template:Dts (h)
639 Ajax 4445 Template:Dts 5190 Template:Dts
648 Archimedes 4446 Template:Dts 5191 Template:Dts
685 Cossack 4447 Template:Dts 5192 Template:Dts
60 Dragon 4448 Template:Dts 5298 Template:Dts (h)(i)
106 Druid 4449 Template:Dts 5294 Template:Dts (h)(i)
301 Leviathan 4450 Template:Dts 5289 Template:Dts (h)
305 Senator 4451 Template:Dts 5307 Template:Dts (h)(i)
643 Sirocco 4452 Template:Dts 5297 Template:Dts (h)(i)(j)
1102 Thunderbolt 4453 Template:Dts 5193 Template:Dts
1117 Vandal 4454 Template:Dts 5194 Template:Dts
310 Achilles 4455 Template:Dts 5290 Template:Dts (h)
333 Ambassador 4456 Template:Dts 5284 Template:Dts (h)
515 Champion 4457 Template:Dts 5282 Template:Dts (h)(i)
622 Euphrates 4458 Template:Dts 5195 Template:Dts
638 Huskisson 4459 Template:Dts 5196 Template:Dts
303 Himalaya 4460 Template:Dts 5305 Template:Dts (f)(h)
645 Mammoth 4461 Template:Dts 5197 Template:Dts
806 Swiftsure 4462 Template:Dts 5318 Template:Dts (h)
1120 Thunderer 4463 Template:Dts 5310 Template:Dts (b)(h)(i)
1137 Vesuvius 4464 Template:Dts 5299 Template:Dts (h)(i)
323 Argus 4465 Template:Dts 5303 Template:Dts (f)(h)
1104 Cedric 4466 Template:Dts 5199 Template:Dts
1111 Cerberus 4467 Template:Dts 5200 Template:Dts
1431 Egeria 4468 Template:Dts 5201 Template:Dts
2064 Jason 4469 Template:Dts 5273 Template:Dts (g)(h)
40 Niagara 4470 Template:Dts 5198 Template:Dts
520 Panopea 4471 Template:Dts 5202 Template:Dts
1469 Tantalus 4472 Template:Dts 5288 Template:Dts (h)(i)
1737 Viscount 4473 Template:Dts 5316 Template:Dts (h)
2031 Waverley 4474 Template:Dts 5203 Template:Dts
365 Alchymist 4475 Template:Dts 5287 Template:Dts (h)(i)
1115 Apollo 4476 Template:Dts 5205 Template:Dts
1545 Cyclops 4477 Template:Dts 5206 Template:Dts
1573 Dunrobin 4478 Template:Dts 5286 Template:Dts (h)(i)
2061 Eglinton 4479 Template:Dts 5207 Template:Dts (h)(i)
184 Havelock 4480 Template:Dts 5204 Template:Dts
366 Medusa 4481 Template:Dts 5292 Template:Dts (h)(i)
519 Messenger 4482 Template:Dts 5208 Template:Dts
2120 Trentham 4483 Template:Dts 5209 Template:Dts
1430 Victor 4484 Template:Dts 5210 Template:Dts
113 Aurania 4485 Template:Dts 5211 Template:Dts (h)(i)
300 Emerald 4486 Template:Dts 5301 Template:Dts (h)
302 Greyhound 4487 Template:Dts 5304 Template:Dts (f)(h)(i)
315 Harrowby 4488 Template:Dts 5212 Template:Dts (h)(i)
688 Hecate 4489 Template:Dts 5274 Template:Dts (f)(h)
1509 America 4490 Template:Dts 5214 Template:Dts
1617 Hydra 4491 Template:Dts 5300 Template:Dts (h)(i)
1723 Scorpion 4492 Template:Dts 5295 Template:Dts (h)
2062 Sunbeam 4493 Template:Dts 5279 Template:Dts (h)(i)
2257 Vulture 4494 Template:Dts 5215 Template:Dts
311 Emperor 4495 Template:Dts 5213 Template:Dts (h)
374 Empress 4496 Template:Dts 5317 Template:Dts (h)
811 Express 4497 Template:Dts 5311 Template:Dts (b)(h)(i)
911 Herald 4498 Template:Dts 5216 Template:Dts (h)(i)
1114 Knowsley 4499 Template:Dts 5217 Template:Dts
1116 Pandora 4500 Template:Dts 5218 Template:Dts (h)(i)
1510 Psyche 4501 Template:Dts 5219 Template:Dts
1784 Python 4502 Template:Dts 5220 Template:Dts
2165 Shooting Star 4503 Template:Dts 5280 Template:Dts (h)
2202 Vizier 4504 Template:Dts 5221 Template:Dts
117 Alaska 4510 Template:Dts 5222 Template:Dts
1301 Candidate 4511 Template:Dts 5225 Template:Dts (h)(i)
1363 Cormwall,
Brindley		 4512 Template:Dts 5272 Template:Dts (c)(h)(i)
1396 Harpy 4513 Template:Dts 5226 Template:Dts
2007 Oregon 4514 Template:Dts 5227 Template:Dts
2012 Penguin 4515 Template:Dts 5228 Template:Dts
2115 Servia 4516 Template:Dts 5229 Template:Dts
127 Snake 4517 Template:Dts 5223 Template:Dts (h)(i)
229 Stork 4518 Template:Dts 5224 Template:Dts
1439 Tiger 4519 Template:Dts 5275 Template:Dts (g)(h)
2576 Arab 4520 Template:Dts 5230 Template:Dts
2577 Etna 4521 Template:Dts 5313 Template:Dts (h)
2578 Fame 4522 Template:Dts 5309 Template:Dts (h)
2579 Ganymede 4523 Template:Dts 5231 Template:Dts (h)
2580 Problem 4524 Template:Dts 5232 Template:Dts
2581 Peel 4525 Template:Dts 5233 Template:Dts
2582 Rowland Hill 4526 Template:Dts 5234 Template:Dts
2583 Teutonic,
The Tsar,
Moonstone		 4527 Template:Dts 5235 Template:Dts (d)
2584 Velocipede 4528 Template:Dts 5312 Template:Dts (e)(h)
2585 Watt 4529 Template:Dts 5236 Template:Dts
723 Coptic 4530 Template:Dts 5239 Template:Dts (h)
837 Friar 4531 Template:Dts 5240 Template:Dts
1312 Ionic 4532 Template:Dts 5242 Template:Dts
1387 Lang Meg 4533 Template:Dts 5306 Template:Dts (f)(h)
1642 Lapwing 4534 Template:Dts 5243 Template:Dts (h)
2513 Levens 4535 Template:Dts 5293 Template:Dts (h)(i)
234 Pearl 4536 Template:Dts 5237 Template:Dts
526 Ilion 4537 Template:Dts 5238 Template:Dts
1311 Napoleon 4538 Template:Dts 5241 Template:Dts (h)
2017 Tubal 4539 Template:Dts 5244 Template:Dts (h)
282 Alaric 4540 Template:Dts 5314 Template:Dts (h)
561 Antaeus 4541 Template:Dts 5245 Template:Dts (h)(i)
675 Adjutant 4542 Template:Dts 5246 Template:Dts (h)
772 Admiral 4543 Template:Dts 5247 Template:Dts
804 Amphion 4544 Template:Dts 5248 Template:Dts (h)
990 Bucephalus 4545 Template:Dts 5319 Template:Dts (h)(i)
988 Bellerophon 4546 Template:Dts 5249 Template:Dts
1433 Faerie Queene 4547 Template:Dts 5250 Template:Dts (h)
1650 Richard Trevithick 4548 Template:Dts 5251 Template:Dts
1787 Hyperion 4549 Template:Dts 5252 Template:Dts
1 Clive 4660 Template:Dts 5253 Template:Dts
218 Daphne 4661 Template:Dts 5254 Template:Dts
419 Monarch 4662 Template:Dts 5255 Template:Dts
564 Erebus 4663 Template:Dts 5281 Template:Dts (h)
665 Mersey 4664 Template:Dts 5256 Template:Dts
469 Marmion 4665 Template:Dts 5270 Template:Dts (f)
1011 Locke 4666 Template:Dts 5257 Template:Dts
1364 Clyde 4667 Template:Dts 5258 Template:Dts
2053 Edith 4668 Template:Dts 5259 Template:Dts
2181 Eleanor 4669 Template:Dts 5260 Template:Dts
276 Doric 4670 Template:Dts 5261 Template:Dts
754 Celtic 4671 Template:Dts 5262 Template:Dts
802 Gaelic 4672 Template:Dts 5271 Template:Dts (g)
807 Oceanic 4673 Template:Dts 5263 Template:Dts
976 Pacific 4674 Template:Dts 5264 Template:Dts
1297 Phalaris 4675 Template:Dts 5265 Template:Dts
1309 Shamrock 4676 Template:Dts 5302 Template:Dts (f)(h)(i)
1516 Alecto 4677 Template:Dts 5266 Template:Dts
2011 Brougham 4678 Template:Dts 5283 Template:Dts (h)
2051 Delamere 4679 Template:Dts 5315 Template:Dts (h)

  (a) Name changed November 1904.[20]
  (b) Name removed September 1936.[21]
  (c) Name changed May 1911.[22][21]
  (d) Name changed November 1914 and December 1915.[20]
  (e) Name removed August 1933.[21]
  (f) Superheater fitted.
  (g) Superheater fitted but later removed.
  (h) Converted to LNWR George the Fifth Class.
  (i) 20000 added to LMS number.
  (j) Allocated, but never carried number 58010 by British Railways.

See also

Notes

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  1. ^ A photograph in The Railway Magazine also shows a Webb compound "Jubilee" Class locomotive piloting 282 Alaric on a London to Holyhead express near Harrow in 1917.[12]
  2. ^ Although the withdrawal dates listed are drawn from both Baxter[3] and Yaedon,[15] information from the latter was preferred in the 10 instances where these sources disagreed. Two of Baxter's dates appear to be misprints, namely June 1947 for 25297 Sirocco, and June 1957 for 25302 Shamrock. There are 7 further discrepancies of one month, and one of two months. Differences of a single month could possibly be explained by Yaedon's method of correcting for the fact that until August 1927, LMS stock returns were based on calendar months, but then the company accountants decided to split the year up into periods of 4 weeks.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Four-coupled Passenger Locomotive". The Engineer. Vol. 97. London. 8 April 1904. p. 362 – via Internet Archive.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Train Experiments on the London and North-western Railway". The Engineer. Vol. 97. 15 April 1904. p. 387 – via Internet Archive.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Baxter, Bertram (1979). Baxter, David (ed.). British Locomotive Catalogue 1825–1923, Volume 2B: London and North Western Railway and its constituent companies. Ashbourne: Moorland Publishing Company. pp. 260–264. ISBN 0903485842.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Passenger Tank Engines. No. V". The Engineer. Vol. 110. London. 23 September 1910. pp. 336–337 – via Internet Archive.
  5. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Steel, Wilfred L. (1914). The History of the London & North Western Railway. London: The Railway and Travel Monthly. pp. 467–470 – via Internet Archive.
  6. ^ a b c d e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Williams, C. (1922). A Register Of All Locomotives Now In Use On The London & North Western Railway. Crewe: C. Williams – via Internet Archive.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Reed, M. C. (1996). The London & North Western Railway: A History. Penryn: Atlantic Transport Publishers. pp. 178–180. ISBN 0906899664 – via Internet Archive.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Griffiths, Denis (1991). Locomotive Engineers of the LMS and its Major English Constituent Companies. Sparkford: Patrick Stephens. pp. 64, 69. ISBN 1852601426 – via Internet Archive.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Yeadon, Willie B. (1995). A Compendium of LNWR Locomotives 1912–1949. Part One: Passenger Tender Engines. Nottingham: Booklaw/Railbus. p. 39. ISBN 1899624368.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Patrick, David J. (2007). The Railway Photographs of P. W. Pilcher. Chester: London & North Western Railway Society. pp. 12, 75. ISBN 9780954695149.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Railway Matters". The Engineer. Vol. 98. London. 28 October 1904. p. 419 – via Internet Archive.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mackay, F. E. (1917). "London and North Western Railway". The Railway Magazine. Vol. 41. London. p. 399 – via HathiTrust.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lake, Charles S. "British Locomotive Practice in 1905". The Engineering Review. New series. Vol. 8, no. 8. pp. 174–177 – via Internet Archive.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Superheating on London and North-Western Locomotives". The Engineer. Vol. 110. London. 7 October 1910. p. 394 – via Internet Archive.
  15. ^ a b c Template:Harvp
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Casserley, H. C. (1973). Steam Locomotives of British Railways. London: Hamlyn Publishing. pp. 73, 342. ISBN 0600022102 – via Internet Archive.
  17. ^ Template:Harvp
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hoole, Ken (1982). Trains in Trouble. Vol. 3. Redruth: Atlantic Books. p. 29. ISBN 0906899052.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mount, A. H. L. (5 January 1933). Report on Train Accidents – London, Midland and Scottish Railway (PDF) (Report). London: Ministry of Transport.
  20. ^ a b Template:Harvp
  21. ^ a b c Template:Harvp
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Whitaker, J. R. (1917). "London and North Western Railway Engines [letter]". The Railway Magazine. Vol. 41. London. p. 193 – via HathiTrust.

Sources

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