Laives

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Laives (Script error: No such module "IPA".), also known as Leifers (Script error: No such module "IPA".), is a town and a Script error: No such module "Lang". (municipality) in the province of South Tyrol in northern Italy. It is located about 8 kilometres (5 mi) south of the city of Bolzano. Laives is one of only six mainly Italian-speaking municipalities in South Tyrol, and is the fourth-largest municipality in the province.

The town's main language fluctuated severely in the 19th and 20th centuries as part of Austria-Hungary and then the Kingdom of Italy.[a] Laives' population is noted as being especially proficient in both Italian and German linguistic codes.[b]

Names

The town was first mentioned as Leiuers in 1237.[1]

As it is more than 70% Italian-speaking, the town is usually known in English by its Italian name, Laives.[2] It is also known by its German-language name, Leifers;[3] South Tyrol is mainly German-speaking.[4] The municipality is officially bilingual in Italian and German.[5][6]

Geography

As of 30 November 2010, Laives had a population of 17,168 and an area of 24.3 square kilometres (9.4 mi2).[7]

Subdivisions

The municipality contains four urban centers:

  • Laives (Leifers)
  • Pineta (Steinmannwald)
  • San Giacomo (St. Jakob)
  • La Costa (Seit)

Laives is the seat of the town hall, Pineta and San Giacomo are two frazioni (hamlets), while La Costa is – according to the municipal statute – a località (inhabited locality), but it is often referred to as a frazione also in the official documentation. The Brantental valley connects it with Deutschnofen.

History

Laives' population was highly affected by political changes in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and, after World War I, by the Italianization of South Tyrol.

In 1890, Peterlini records that the town had a slight majority of Italian-speakers (937) compared to German-speakers (873).[8] Rapid population changes in the Austro-Hungarian Empire caused Laives/Leifers in 1910 to have far more German-speakers (2,583) than Italian- and Ladin-speakers (361).[9][c]

After World War I, South Tyrol became part of the Kingdom of Italy. A 1923 order by the fascist government led to the province's forced Italianization including through migration,[10] particularly in areas around Bolzano. After World War II, Italian-speakers comprised 75% of Laives' population by 1971.[11]

Coat-of-arms

The emblem consists of an argent pile, with concave sides on azure and a chapel on a mountain of gules. The sign, similar to that of the Counts of Lichtenstein who lived in the castle on Mount Köfele, represents the church of Peterköfele. The emblem was adopted in 1970.[12]

Society

Laives has had the youngest population for a town in South Tyrol since 1985, and the municiplity has had some of the province's largest population increases.[13]

Linguistic distribution

According to the 2024 census, 74.47% of the town's population speak Italian, 25.16% German and 0.36% Ladin as first language.

The complex linguistic history of Laives has caused the traditional population there (and in Salorno) to be especially adept at code-switching, according to the linguist Silvia Dal Negro [de].[14] Locals have traditionally been fluent in four dialects: standard Italian, German, the (South) Tyrolean dialect of German, and the Italian Trentino dialect. The Trentino dialect's presence has weakened with the arrival from Bolzano of Italian-speakers who do not use that dialect;[14] "paradoxically, the Trentino dialect is currently still part of the repertoire of the [German-identifying] community".[15] Due to population shifts, this linguistic repertoire is expected to become more simplified.[15]

Language 2001[16] 2011[17] 2024[18]
German 29.07% 27.99% 25.16%
Italian 70.42% 71.50% 74.47%
Ladin 0.51% 0.51% 0.36%

Culture

The Carnival of Laives [it] is one of the most important carnivals in Trentino-South Tyrol.[19]

The city is also the headquarters of the Coro Monti Pallidi, an all-male a cappella chorus founded in 1967 by Sergio Maccagnan and conducted since 2004 by Paolo Maccagnan.

Notable people

Notes

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  1. ^ See History
  2. ^ See Society
  3. ^ Oskar Peterlini suggests that this was due to processes of migration and cultural assimilation;[9] the historian Mario Toscano [it] suggests that a form of conservative political oppression took place, due to the Austrian authorities' hostility to political ideas relating to the French Revolution, while the Italian population was more enthusiastic about them.[9]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kühebacher, Egon (1995). Die Ortsnamen Südtirols und ihre Geschichte. Vol. 1. Bolzano/Bozen: Verlagsanstalt Athesia. p. 219. ISBN 88-7014-634-0.
  2. ^ Template:Multiref2
  3. ^ Template:Multiref2
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ann Wand (July 2016). "Half spaghetti - half Knödel: cultural division through the lens of language learning". Oxford University Research Archive. University of Oxford. p. 24.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Comuni bilingue". ANNCSU.gov.it. Archived from the original on 5 February 2024.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The languages of South Tyrol". Südtirol. Archived from the original on 1 July 2023.
  7. ^ Cite error: The named reference istat was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peterlini, Oskar (1997). "Autonomie und Minderheitenschutz in Trentino-Südtirol, Überblick über Geschichte, Recht und Politik" (PDF). Academia. Vienna: Nomos. p. 66.
  9. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peterlini, Oskar (1997). "Autonomie und Minderheitenschutz in Trentino-Südtirol, Überblick über Geschichte, Recht und Politik" (PDF). Academia. Vienna: Nomos. pp. 65–66.
    Citing: Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Toscano, Mario (1967). "Storia diplomatica della questione dell'Alto Adige". Google Books. Editori Laterza. p. 4.; and Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fontana, Josef (1987). "Geschichte des Landes Tirol, Volume 3". Google Books. Athesia. p. 246.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dal Negro, Silvia (2023). "German and Romance varieties in contact in northeastern Italy" (PDF). Globe. 15. Aalborg University: 81.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Volkszählung [Census] 1981". ASTAT. Autonomous Province of South Tyrol. p. 21. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. – the exact figure for 1971 for each language was 7,550 (Italian), 2,583 (German) and 12 (Ladin).
  12. ^ Heraldry of the World: Laives
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Leifers (Südtirol)". Tirol Atlas tiroLexikon. University of Innsbruck. Archived from the original on 8 February 2025.
  14. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dal Negro, Silvia (2023). "German and Romance varieties in contact in northeastern Italy" (PDF). Globe. 15. Aalborg University: 84–86.
  15. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dal Negro, Silvia (2023). "German and Romance varieties in contact in northeastern Italy" (PDF). Globe. 15. Aalborg University: 85.
  16. ^ Oscar Benvenuto (ed.): "South Tyrol in Figures 2008", Provincial Statistics Institute of the Autonomous Province of South Tyrol Script error: No such module "webarchive"., Bozen/Bolzano 2007, p. 17, table 10
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Volkszählung 2011/Censimento della popolazione 2011". astat info (38). Provincial Statistics Institute of the Autonomous Province of South Tyrol: 6–7. June 2012. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ergebnisse Sprachgruppenzählung 2024/Risultati Censimento linguistico 2024". astat info (56). Provincial Statistics Institute of the Autonomous Province of South Tyrol. December 2024. Retrieved 9 December 2024.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Laives, carnevale tra le meraviglie italiane". Alto Adige. 31 December 2012. Archived from the original on 6 May 2018.

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