Laura X

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Laura X
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Laura X at home, February 28, 2022
Born
Laura Rand Orthwein Jr.

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St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
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Other nameTemplate:Pluralize from textLaura Shaw Murra (legal name)
Alma materUniversity of California, Berkeley
EmployerTemplate:Pluralize from textTemplate:Pluralize from text
OrganizationTemplate:Pluralize from textWomen's History Research Center
National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date RapeTemplate:Pluralize from text
AgentTemplate:Pluralize from textTemplate:Pluralize from text
Known forActivism against date and marital rape
Notable creditTemplate:Pluralize from textTemplate:Pluralize from text
LabelTemplate:Pluralize from textTemplate:Pluralize from text
MovementFeminist
OpponentTemplate:Pluralize from textTemplate:Pluralize from text
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SpouseTemplate:Pluralize from textTemplate:Pluralize from text
PartnerTemplate:Pluralize from textTemplate:Pluralize from text
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Websitelauraxinstitute.org
ncmdr.org

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Laura X (born Laura Rand Orthwein Jr., 1940) is a women's rights advocate. Laura X changed her name in 1962 to Laura Shaw Murra, which remains her legal name. She took the name Laura X on September 17, 1969, to symbolize her rejection of men's legal ownership of women and the anonymity of women's history, which she said was stolen from women and girls.[1] She declared that, like Malcolm X, "I don't want to have my owner's name, either."[2]

Education and background

After attending Vassar College for three years, Orthwein moved to New York City, became a Head Start Program teacher in the pilot program, having trained at the University of Puerto Rico. She also rose to Picket Captain in CORE (Congress of Racial Equality), attended New York University (NYU), and took graduate courses at Bank Street College of Education. Following her interests and research developed at Vassar College,[3] she worked with the American Committee on Africa to welcome delegates from 17 newly independent states, 16 from Africa, join the UN and to picket Chase Manhattan Bank about their investments in South Africa. In 1963, she moved to Berkeley, California, and she graduated from the University of California, Berkeley (UC-Berkeley), in 1971, having participated in the Free Speech Movement as well as other social justice movements.[4] She was one of the founders of the newspaper It Ain't Me, Babe,[5] a newspaper published in 1970 by Berkeley Women's Liberation, a feminist organization. The paper has been called "the first feminist newspaper,"[6][7] although that distinction may only be accurate within second-wave feminism in the United States.[7] She participated in, and documented, 22 social movements until 2020.[2]

Women's History Research Center

Laura X is the founder and was the director of the Women's History Research Center, in Berkeley, California, which was the first historical archive connected to the women's liberation movement.[8][4] Laura X founded the Women's History Research Center in 1968. She organized a march in Berkeley, California, on International Women’s Day in 1969; International Women's Day had been largely forgotten in the United States before then.[9] The march led to the creation of The Women’s History Research Center, a central archive of the women’s movement from 1968 to 1974.[10] Laura X also thought it unfair for half the human race to have only one day a year and called for National Women's History Month to be built around International Women’s Day.[11] The Women’s History Research Center collected nearly one million documents on microfilm, and provided resources and records of the women’s liberation movement that are now available through the National Women’s History Alliance, which carried on their ideas, including successfully petitioning Congress to declare March as Women’s History Month.[12]

By 1970 the Women's History Research Center was widely listed in early feminist publications. The Center put many of the early feminist writings on microfilm, making them available in libraries across the country.[8][13] The Women's History Research Center eventually closed, and its collections are now held in the women's history archive at the Schlesinger Library, which is part of Harvard University's Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, and at other institutions.[13][14][15] The microfilm copies have been distributed through Primary Source Media/Cengage Learning to some 450 libraries in fourteen countries.[16]

Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press

In 1977, Laura X became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP).[17] WIFP is an American nonprofit publishing organization. The organization works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.[18]

National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape

In 1978 the Women's History Research Center established the National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape in Berkeley, California, with Laura X as director.[19]

Marital and date rape legislation

In 1979 Laura X led a successful campaign to make marital rape a crime in California.[19] She also acted as a consultant to 45 other state campaigns on marital and date rape, as well as collecting and maintaining documents about the status of exemptions from prosecution in rape laws.[19] Repeal of date and marital rape exemptions occurred in 45 states, in Federal and military law, in the laws of Guam and Puerto Rico, and the laws of twenty other countries.[20]

As the leader of NCMDR’s campaign against marital rape, Laura X appeared on dozens of local and national TV and radio shows, including 60 Minutes, The Phil Donahue Show, Seattle Today, Sally Jessie Raphael, Geraldo, the Today Show, CBS News, and the Gary Collins show.[21]

In September 1999 Laura X published her memoir "Accomplishing the Impossible: an Advocate's Notes from the Successful Campaign to Make Marital and Date Rape a Crime in All 50 U.S. States and Other Countries" in Violence Against Women: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal. [22][23]

Awards and recognitions

As Laura Rand Orthwein, was a debutante in 1959 who was crowned Queen of the Veiled Prophet Ball in St. Louis, Missouri.[24][25]

In recognition of her achievements, Laura X received

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.admin. "VFA PIONEER HISTORIES PROJECT: LAURA RAND ORTHWEIN, JR". Veteran Feminists of America. Archived from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."lauraxinstitute". lauraxinstitute. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
  3. ^ Carol Jones Vernon, Staff Writer for St. Louis Globe Democrat - January 4th, 1961. Archives of the defunct Globe-Democrat are presently housed at Mercantile Library at University of Missouri St. Louis Script error: No such module "webarchive". (UMSL)
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Caryn Neumann (December 14, 2009). Sexual Crime: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. pp. 145–. ISBN 978-1-59884-178-7.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."October 3, 1979". A Documentary Chronicle of Vassar College. Archived from the original on October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mather, Anne D. (1973). History and analysis of feminist periodicals. University of Georgia. p. 78.
  7. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Armstrong, David (1981). A Trumpet to Arms: Alternative Media in America. South End Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-89608-193-2.
  8. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.stephanie. "About the Archives". www.redstockings.org. Archived from the original on May 26, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bernikow, Louise (March 2, 2005). "The Birth of Women's History Month". Women's eNews. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."1970: Reviving the fighting spirit of Int'l Women's Day". www.workers.org. Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Anniversary of Women's History Library/NCMDR". ncmdr.org. Archived from the original on March 30, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Women's History in the Digital World 2015 – Ken Wachsberger's Blog". Ken Wachsberger's Blog. Archived from the original on March 1, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Women's History Research Center - Social Networks and Archival Context". snaccooperative.org. Archived from the original on August 17, 2021. Retrieved March 8, 2022.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."International Assembly of Women. Records of the International Assembly of Women, 1946: A Finding Aid". oasis.lib.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on May 9, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Women's History Research Center resource files". Rocky Mountain Online Archive. 1845. Archived from the original on April 26, 2014. Retrieved April 26, 2014.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.X, Laura. "Opening the Info Vault: Preserving, Digitizing, and Funding the International Women's History Periodical Archive". Women's History in the Digital World. 3. Archived from the original on August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Associates | The Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press". www.wifp.org. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."About | The Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press". Archived from the original on March 8, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  19. ^ a b c ABOUT LAURA X Script error: No such module "webarchive"., on the National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape website
  20. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Renzetti, Claire M.; Edleson, Jeffrey L. (June 19, 2008). Encyclopedia of Interpersonal Violence. SAGE. ISBN 9781412918008. Retrieved April 15, 2018 – via Google Books.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Who We Are and What We Do". ncmdr.org. Archived from the original on August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  22. ^ Abstract of "Accomplishing the Impossible: an Advocate's Notes from the Successful Campaign to Make Marital and Date Rape a Crime in All 50 U.S. States and Other Countries," Script error: No such module "webarchive". by Laura X, National Clearinghouse on Marital and Date Rape website
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.X, Laura (September 1999). "Accomplishing the Impossible: an Advocate's Notes from the Successful Campaign to Make Marital and Date Rape a Crime in All 50 U.S. States and Other Countries". Violence Against Women: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal. 5 (9).
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."St. Louis Post-Dispatch 07 Oct 1959, page Page 1". Newspapers.com. Archived from the original on April 19, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  25. ^ Lucy Ferris, "Unveiling the Prophet," Chapter 14, University of Missouri Press, 2005 Template:ISBN
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."A Library Shows There"s a. Lot About History's Women..." The New York Times. May 19, 1973. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 7, 2022. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."12 Women Who Did Something". Mademoiselle Magazine: 103. January–June 1974 – via archive.org.
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.World Congress of Victimology (1981). "Proceedings of the World Congress of Victimology". OCLC 649057809. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."About Laura X". ncmdr.org. Archived from the original on July 6, 2022. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."UMSL Women Trailblazers Award". Archived from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved September 11, 2015.

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