Lavrio
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Lavrio, Lavrion or Laurium (Template:Langx; Template:Langx (later Script error: No such module "Lang".);[1] from Middle Ages until 1908: Εργαστήρια Ergastiria)[2] is a town in southeastern part of Attica, Greece. It is part of Athens metropolitan area and the seat of the municipality of Lavreotiki.[3][4][5] Laurium was known in Classical antiquity for its silver mines, one of the chief sources of revenue of the Athenian state.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. The silver was mainly used for coinage. The Archaeological Museum of Lavrion shows much of the story of these mines.
It is about 60 km southeast of Athens city center, on a bay overlooking the island of Makronisos (ancient Helena) to the east. The EO89 road runs through Lavrio.
History
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The modern town of Lavrio is at the site of the ancient village of Thoricus; its name is taken from that of the entire region of the Mines of Laurium.
The earliest evidence for mining dates to the beginning of the Bronze Age, ca. 3200 BC.[6]
Systematic exploitation of mineral resources seem to have begun in the 6th century BC under Peisistratus.[7] After the battle of Marathon, Themistocles persuaded the Athenians to devote the anticipated revenue derived from a major silver vein strike in the mines of Laurion circa 483 BC to expanding the Athenian fleet to 200 triremes, and thus laid the foundation of the Athenian naval power. The mines, which were the property of the state, were usually farmed out for a certain fixed sum and a percentage on the working; slave labour was exclusively employed.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Towards the end of the 5th century, the output fell, partly owing to the Spartan occupation of Decelea. But the mines continued to be worked, though Strabo records that in his time the tailings were being worked over, and Pausanias speaks of the mines as a thing of the past. The ancient workings, consisting of shafts and galleries for excavating the ore, and washing tables for concentrating the ore, are still visible in places.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
The mines were reworked in the late 19th century by French and Greek companies, but mainly for lead, manganese and cadmium.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. In 1896 a strike from the miners was violently confronted by the mining company's guards resulting in the death of two workers. The miners responded by destroying the company's offices and killing the guards. The government then sent police forces to support the company's interests against the strikers. Further clashes between workers and the police occurred to which the government replied by sending the military against the striking workers resulting in more workers' deaths. The strike ended violently with most of the strikers' demands not being fulfilled and with a military force being permanently established to patrol the miners.[8]
The Mineralogical Museum of Lavrion comprises samples of minerals from the region of Lavrion.
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Panorama -
Modern Lavrio -
Clocktower -
Technological park -
Statue of 19th-century Italian industrialist Giovanni Battista Serpieri, active here in the mines (sculp. Georgios Vroutos)
Climate
Lavrio, owing to its location in the southern tip of the Athens Riviera, has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSh), closely bordering a hot-summer mediterranean (Csa) climate. It has mild winters and hot summers, with particularly warm summer nights. The summer highs are 2 °C lower than in Piraeus and 4 °C lower than in downtown Athens. The driest months are July and August while the rainiest period is during December and January. Lavrio falls in hardiness zone 10b.[9]
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Sports
Laurium hosts the football club Olympiacos Laurium, which played in the Gamma Ethniki in the past, and the basketball club Lavrio B.C., which plays in the Basket League.
| Sport clubs based in Laurium | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Club | Founded | Sports | Achievements |
| Olympiacos Laurium | 1926 | Football | Previous presence in Gamma Ethniki |
| Lavrio B.C. | 1990 | Basketball | Current presence in Basket League |
Twin towns
See also
References
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- ^ Liddell, Scott, Jones, Greek Lexicon.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."EETAA local government changes". eetaa.gr. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities" (in Ελληνικά). Government Gazette.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.NWC. "Map of Athens: offline map and detailed map of Athens city". athensmap360.com. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Athens Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)". worldpopulationreview.com. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Newly Discovered Greek Silver Mine Rewrites History - GreekReporter.com". greece.greekreporter.com. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wood, J.R. (2022). "Other ways to examine the finances behind the birth of Classical Greece". Archaeometry. 65 (3): 570–586. doi:10.1111/arcm.12839. S2CID 253075525.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Η απεργία των μεταλλωρύχων στο Λαύριο το 1896. Τέσσερις εργάτες δολοφονήθηκαν και η κυβέρνηση έστειλε στρατό και πλοία για να καταστείλει την απεργία". ΜΗΧΑΝΗ ΤΟΥ ΧΡΟΝΟΥ (in Ελληνικά). 30 April 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."N.O.A Monthly Bulletins".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Meteo.gr – Προγνώσεις καιρού για όλη την Ελλάδα".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Latest Conditions in Lavrio – Greece".
Sources
- Édouard Ardaillon, "Les Mines du Laurion dans l'antiquité", No. Ixxvii. of the Bibliothéque des Ecoles francaises d'Athênes et de Rome.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
External links
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- A video podcast made by the MoneyMuseum on the importance of Laurion's silver mines for Greek coinage.
- A Virtual tour of the town of Lavrio
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