Lienz
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Lienz
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| Country | Austria |
| State | Tyrol |
| District | Lienz |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Elisabeth Blanik (SPÖ) |
| Area | |
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| Population | Template:Fix comma category |
| Population | |
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| Template:Pluralize from text | Template:Pluralize from text |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 9900 |
| Area code | 04852 |
| Vehicle registration | LZ |
| Website | www.stadt-lienz.at |
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Lienz (Script error: No such module "IPA".; Southern Bavarian: Lianz) is a medieval town in the Austrian state of Tyrol. It is the administrative centre of the Lienz district, which covers all of East Tyrol. The municipality also includes the cadastral subdivision of Patriasdorf.
Geography
Lienz is located at the confluence of the rivers Isel and Drava in the Eastern Alps, between the Hohe Tauern mountain range in the north (including the Schober and Kreuzeck groups), and the Gailtal Alps in the south. It is connected with Winklern in Carinthia by the Iselsberg Pass. The neighboring municipality of Leisach marks the easternmost point of the Puster Valley.
By the consistent growth of the city, some smaller villages around – though officially municipalities in their own right – are now widely considered to be suburbs of Lienz. Those suburbs comprise:
| Thurn, Gaimberg | ||
| Leisach, Oberlienz | File:CompassRose (mul) 16 trans N.svg | Nußdorf-Debant |
| Amlach, Tristach |
History
The area of Lienz had been settled since the Bronze Age about 2000 BC. Celtic people lived here from about 300 BC on, mainly as miners, who came under control of the Roman Empire in 15 BC. The area was incorporated into the province of Noricum and Emperor Claudius had a municipium called Aguntum erected near Lienz in the today's municipality of Dölsach. Aguntum became the see of an Early Christian bishop in the 5th century but decayed during the Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps and the subsequent fights with the Bavarii under Duke Tassilo I around 600. Part of the Slavic principality of Carantania, the area passed under Bavarian and finally Frankish suzerainty during the 8th century.
Lienz itself was first mentioned as Luenzina in a deed issued by the Bishop of Brixen about 1030. The settlement itself, together with neighbouring Patriasdorf, then belonged of the Patriarchs of Aquileia, who were elevated to immediate landlords by Emperor Henry IV in 1077. It was then purchased by the scions of the Meinhardiner dynasty, who held the office of Aquileian Script error: No such module "Lang". (reeves) and chose Lienz as a residence. From about 1127 they called themselves Counts of Görz (Gorizia).
Located on the important trade route from Venzone in Friuli to Salzburg, the market town of Lienz received city rights on 25 February 1242. In 1278 the Counts finished Burg Bruck, a castle that until 1500 served as their local seat. When the Meinhardiner became extinct in 1500 upon the death of Count Leonhard of Gorizia, their estates were bequeathed to the Habsburg King Maximilian I and finally incorporated into the County of Tyrol. From the status of a princely residence, Lienz sank to the insignificance of a provincial town within the Habsburg monarchy.
During the Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars, Lienz was occupied twice by French troops in 1797. After the Austrian defeat at the Battle of Austerlitz, Lienz with Tyrol passed to the newly elevated Kingdom of Bavaria according to the 1805 Peace of Pressburg. In 1809 it became the administrative centre of a district within the short-lived Napoleonic Illyrian Provinces, but was reconquered by Austrian troops in 1813. Within the Austrian Empire (the Cisleithanian part of Austria-Hungary after 1867) it was the seat of the district of the same name, one of the 21 Script error: No such module "Lang". in Tyrol.[1]
In November 1918 it was occupied by the Italian Army.[2] After World War I the southern parts of the Tyrol (i.e. Trentino and South Tyrol) were awarded to the Kingdom of Italy under the terms of the London Pact and the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain, making the Lienz district of East Tyrol an exclave with no territorial connection to the mainland of North Tyrol. After the 1938 Script error: No such module "Lang". of the Federal State of Austria into Nazi Germany, the Lienz district became a part of Script error: No such module "Lang". (Carinthia).
On 8 May 1945 British forces occupied Lienz, which together with Carinthia and Styria became part of the British occupation zone. At this time several thousand members of the former Script error: No such module "Lang". 1st Cossack Division coming from Yugoslavia arrived in and around Lienz. They surrendered to the British troops but were forcibly handed over to the Soviet Union, where most were executed or sent to the Gulag.
Climate
Lienz has relatively warm and humid summers and cold winters. Between 1971–2000, there was a recorded precipitation of 915 mm (36 in). Most of the rain falls during the summer months, especially from June to August (respectively 98, 119 and 100 mm (3.9, 4.7 and 3.9 in)). The driest months are January and February (42 and 35 mm (1.7 and 1.4 in))
The average temperature in July is 18.5 °C (65.3 °F). In January it is about −5.2 °C (22.6 °F). Lienz is also one of the sunniest cities in Austria with an average of 5.4 hours of sun per day or 1952 hours per year. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Dfb" (humid continental).[3]
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Population
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| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1869 | 2,484 | — |
| 1880 | 3,142 | +26.5% |
| 1890 | 3,878 | +23.4% |
| 1900 | 4,549 | +17.3% |
| 1910 | 6,532 | +43.6% |
| 1923 | 6,591 | +0.9% |
| 1934 | 6,885 | +4.5% |
| 1939 | 8,458 | +22.8% |
| 1951 | 10,096 | +19.4% |
| 1961 | 11,132 | +10.3% |
| 1971 | 11,741 | +5.5% |
| 1981 | 11,661 | −0.7% |
| 1991 | 11,864 | +1.7% |
| 2001 | 12,079 | +1.8% |
| 2011 | 11,955 | −1.0% |
Politics
The municipal council (Gemeinderat) consists of 21 members. Since the 2022 Tyrolean local elections, it is made up of the following parties:[5]
- Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ): 9 seats
- Austrian People's Party (ÖVP): 5 seats
- Team Lienz (Team LZ): 3 seats
- People - Freedom - Fundamental Rights (MFG): 2 seats
- Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ): 1 seat
- The Greens - The Green Alternative (GRÜNE): 1 seat
Transport
Lienz is located at a road junction between the Drautalstraße highway, leading from Carinthia to the Puster Valley in the Italian province of South Tyrol (B100), and the Felbertauernstraße (B108) from Lienz to Mittersill in Salzburg. It is also connected by the Drautalbahn railway line from Villach to Innichen in South Tyrol. The Felbertauerntunnel between Mittersill and Lienz was completed in 1967.[6]
Notable people
- Leonhard of Gorizia (1440–1500), born at Burg Bruck castle, the last count of Gorizia.
- Albert Anton von Muchar (1786-1849), an Austrian historian.[7]
- Beda Weber (1798-1859), author, theologian and member of the Frankfurt Parliament.[8]
- Albin Egger-Lienz (1868-1926), painter of rustic genre and historical paintings.
- Theodor Danegger (1891–1959), film actor, he appeared in over 70 films between 1932 and 1959.
- Raimund Abraham (1933–2010), architect, self-described as an incurable formalist
Sport
- Josef Stiegler (born 1937), alpine skier
- Anton Steiner (born 1958), alpine skier
- Alexander Lugger (born 1968), ski mountaineer
- Fritz Strobl (born 1972), alpine skier
- Wolfgang Mair (born 1980), footballer
- Dominic Hassler (born 1981), footballer
- Lilli Tagger (born 2008), tennis player
International relations
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Twin towns – Sister cities
Lienz is twinned with:
- Template:Flagicon Gorizia, Italy, since 2000
- Template:Flagicon Jackson, Wyoming, United States, since 1970
- Template:Flagicon Selçuk, Turkey, since 1970
See also
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Klein, Wilhelm (1967). Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Climate Summary for Lienz
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Klimadaten von Österreich 1971–2000 – Tirol-Lienz" (in Deutsch). Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics. Archived from the original on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Alle Ergebnisse und Visualisierungen zu den Wahlen in Tirol 2022". orf.at (in Deutsch). Retrieved 23 August 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Susannah Osborne (2 November 2012). "East Tirol – Austria's secret ski destination". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
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External links
Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons
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