Lipetsk

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Lipetsk (Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA".), also romanized as Lipeck, is a city and the administrative center of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Voronezh River in the Don basin, 438 kilometers (272 mi) southeast of Moscow. Population: Template:Ru-census2021 508,887 (2010 census);[1] 506,114 (2002 census);[2] 449,635 (1989 Soviet census).[3]Page Module:Historical populations/styles.css has no content.

Historical population
YearPop.±%
189721,000—    
192620,950−0.2%
193966,644+218.1%
1959156,515+134.9%
1970289,138+84.7%
1979395,638+36.8%
1989449,635+13.6%
2002506,114+12.6%
2010508,887+0.5%
2021496,403−2.5%
Source: Census data

History

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File:Памятник петру первому ( Липецк ).JPG
Monument to Peter the Great

The name means "Linden city" and is cognate with Leipzig.[4] In 1284, the city was destroyed by the Mongols.[citation needed]

The foundation of the modern city dates back to 1703,[5] when Peter the Great ordered construction of a cast iron factory in Lipetsk near the iron ore deposits for making artillery shells.[citation needed] On September 27, 1779, Lipetsk was granted town status.[5] It became one of the principal towns of Tambov Governorate.

In 1879, Lipetsk hosted a congress of members of Land and Liberty.[citation needed]

After the Treaty of Rapallo (1922) until 1933, the much-reduced German Army (Reichswehr) of the Weimar Republic secretly contracted with Soviet authorities to operate a clandestine military aviation base and test facility near Lipetsk – circumventing prohibitions of the Versailles Treaty. The base enabled technical collaboration by the two powers whose separate defeats in World War I left them isolated in post-war Europe. This activity inside the USSR took place away from the vigilant eyes of the victors.[6] The Abwehr, The SS and German Army Group Centre penetrated part of this Lindenstadt[<span title="Script error: No such module "decodeEncode".">clarification needed] Region in 1941–2.[citation needed]

Administrative and municipal status

Lipetsk is the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Lipetsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[7] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts.[7] As a municipal division, Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Lipetsk Urban Okrug.[8]

Economy

The principal industries of Lipetsk include ferrous metallurgy, machinery, metalworking, machine tools, engines, chemicals, food, and clothing.[citation needed]

The former steel combine was privatized in 1992 and Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK Script error: No such module "webarchive".) with approximately 48,000 employees and a 64% export ratio (2005) is one of the largest employers in the oblast. In 2008, the company's revenue was $11.7 billion.[citation needed] Other industry are another metallurgical plant "Svobodny Sokol" ("Free Falcon"), a tractor factory LTZ, solvent-extraction plant Liboil (largest rapeseed oil producer in Central Federal District and the second in Russia), pipe factory, a factory for refrigerators and household appliances, an ice factory, lathe factory, chemical factories, etc. Industry is mainly located south of the Voronezh River.[citation needed]

Transportation

File:MARZ in Lipetsk.JPG
Bus in Lipetsk, 2007

Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Lipetsk and Moscow.[9] Trams, trolleybuses and buses provide local public transportation. In 2013, the municipality aspired to renovate the tramway network as it is largely segregated from motor traffic. It negotiated a 10-year, RUR 30 billion loan from the European Bank of Reconstruction & Development for tramway renewal.[10]Template:Update inline span

Health care

Lipetsk is one of the oldest mud bath and balneological resorts in Russia (first opened in 1805). Peat mud and chalybeate bicarbonate calcic springs are used to treat patients. Sulphate and chloride sodium water is used for therapeutic baths and drinking.[citation needed]

Education

File:Lipetsk dramteatr.JPG
Lipetsk State Academic Drama Theater named after Leo Tolstoy

Lipetsk is home of the Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk State Pedagogical University, and some other colleges.

Military

The Lipetsk air base is located north of the town.[11] The 4th Center of Combat Application and Conversion of Frontline Aviation named after Valery Chkalov is situated in Lipetsk.[citation needed]

The Lipetsk Air Center's chief, colonel Kharchevsky, has become famous after trial air combats in the United States and being a personal pilot of President Putin.[citation needed]

The city is also served by the smaller Lipetsk Airport.

On 24 February 2024, Ukraine claimed that its drones set fire to the Novolipetsk steel plant in Lipetsk. No casualties were reported however the facility was evacuated.[12]

Twin towns and sister cities

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Lipetsk is twinned with:

Country City Start
Template:Flagicon Germany Cottbus[13] 1974
Template:Flagicon China Anshan 1992
Template:Flagicon Italy Fabriano 2003

Notable people

References

Notes

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Происхождение названий. БЛАГОДАРЯ КАЗУСАМ И ВПЕЧАТЛЕНИЯМ".
  5. ^ a b Charter of Lipetsk, Article 1
  6. ^ Wolf Oschlies: Symbiose der Geächteten. Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung, Nr. 38, 19. September 2009, p. 10
  7. ^ a b Law #382-OZ
  8. ^ Law #536-OZ
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Train Station in Lipetsk" (in русский). Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Two Russian cities get EBRD infrastructure loans [EBRD - News and events ]". Retrieved January 2, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ukraine updates: Putin orders reinforcements to Kursk – DW – 08/09/2024". dw.com. Retrieved August 9, 2024. Ledwidge said the Kursk region is very important for gas supplies, as it is a conduit into Ukraine. As for Lipetsk, he said it is home "to the main training base of the Russian aerospace forces." For to this reason, he said Ukraine views Lipetsk as a valid military target.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ukraine says it struck big Russian steel plant on invasion anniversary". Reuters. February 24, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Our twin cities- Cottbus". Cottbus. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.

Sources

  • Script error: No such module "Lang". (Lipetsk City Council of Deputies. Decision #990 of February 24, 2015 Charter of the Urban Okrug of the City of Lipetsk of Lipetsk Oblast of the Russian Federation, as amended by the Decision #116 of April 26, 2016 On Amending the Charter of the Urban Okrug of the City of Lipetsk of Lipetsk Oblast of the Russian Federation. Effective as of March 21, 2015 (with the exception of certain clauses).).
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". (Lipetsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #382-OZ of April 28, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Lipetsk Oblast and on the Procedures for Its Change, as amended by the Law #343-OZ of December 5, 2014 On Amending Various Laws of Lipetsk Oblast Due to the Merger of the Rural Settlements of Dobrinsky Selsoviet and Safonovsky Selsoviet in Dobrinsky Municipal District of Lipetsk Oblast. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the day of the official publication.).
  • Script error: No such module "Lang". (Lipetsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #536-OZ of August 18, 2011 On Granting Urban Okrug, Municipal District, Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of Lipetsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #343-OZ of December 5, 2014 On Amending Various Laws of Lipetsk Oblast Due to the Merger of the Rural Settlements of Dobrinsky Selsoviet and Safonovsky Selsoviet in Dobrinsky Municipal District of Lipetsk Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).

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Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Lipetsk".

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