Lorem ipsum
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Lorem ipsum (/ˌlɔː.rəm ˈɪp.səm/ Script error: No such module "Respell".) is a dummy or placeholder text commonly used in graphic design, publishing, and web development. It is typically a corrupted version of Script error: No such module "Lang"., a 1st-century BC text by the Roman statesman and philosopher Cicero, with words altered, added, and removed to make it nonsensical and improper Latin. The first two words are the truncation of Script error: No such module "Lang". ("pain itself"). Lorem ipsumTemplate:'s purpose is to permit a page layout to be designed, independently of the copy that will subsequently populate it, or to demonstrate various fonts of a typeface without meaningful text that could be distracting.
Versions of the Lorem ipsum text have been used in typesetting since the 1960s, when advertisements for Letraset transfer sheets popularized it.[1] Lorem ipsum was introduced to the digital world in the mid-1980s, when Aldus employed it in graphic and word-processing templates for its desktop publishing program PageMaker. Other popular word processors, including Pages and Microsoft Word, have since adopted Lorem ipsum,[2] as have many LaTeX packages,[3][4][5] web content managers such as Joomla! and WordPress, and CSS libraries such as Semantic UI.
Example text
A common form of Lorem ipsum reads: Script error: No such module "lorem ipsum".
Source text
The Lorem ipsum text is derived from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of Cicero's Script error: No such module "Lang"..[6][7] The physical source may have been the 1914 Loeb Classical Library edition of Script error: No such module "Lang"., where the Latin text, presented on the left-hand (even) pages, breaks off on page 34 with "Script error: No such module "Lang"." and continues on page 36 with "Script error: No such module "Lang".," suggesting that the galley type of that page was mixed up to make the dummy text seen today.[1]
The discovery of the text's origin is attributed to Richard McClintock, a Latin scholar at Hampden–Sydney College. McClintock connected Lorem ipsum to Cicero's writing sometime before 1982 by searching for recorded uses of the Latin word Script error: No such module "Lang"., which was rarely used in classical literature.[2] McClintock first published his discovery in a 1994 letter to a Before & After magazine editor,[8] contesting the editor's earlier claim that Lorem ipsum had no meaning.[2]
The sections of De finibus bonorum et malorum from which Lorem ipsum ultimately derives is one in which Cicero promotes obtaining pleasure rationally instead of impulsively, in his home city of Cumae between himself and Lucius Manlius Torquatus, a young Epicurean, while another young Roman, Gaius Valerius Triarius, listens on. The relevant sections as printed in the source is reproduced below with fragments used in Lorem ipsum underlined. Letters in brackets were added to Lorem ipsum and were not present in the source text:
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[32] Script error: No such module "Lang".lorem ipsum, Script error: No such module "Lang". dolor sit amet consectetur adipisci[ng] velit, sed Script error: No such module "Lang". [do] eius modi tempora inci[di]dunt, ut labore et dolore magnam aliquaScript error: No such module "Lang". Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum[d] exercitationScript error: No such module "Lang". ullam coScript error: No such module "Lang". laboriosScript error: No such module "Lang". nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatScript error: No such module "Lang". [D]Quis auteScript error: No such module "Lang". i[r]ure reprehenderit, Script error: No such module "Lang". in Script error: No such module "Lang". voluptate velit esse, Script error: No such module "Lang". cScript error: No such module "Lang". illum, Script error: No such module "Lang". dolorem eum fugiat, Script error: No such module "Lang". nulla pariatur?
[33] Script error: No such module "Lang". excepturi sint, obcaecati cupiditate non provident, Script error: No such module "Lang". sunt in culpa, qui officia deserunt mollitia animi, id est laborum Script error: No such module "Lang".. Et harum quidem reru[d]um facilis est e[r]t expedita distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio, cumque nihil impedit, quo minus id, quod maxime placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor repellend[a]us. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe eveniet, ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat.
What follows is an English translation by Harris Rackham as printed in the 1914 Loeb edition, with words at least partially represented in Lorem ipsum underlined:[7]
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[32] But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of reprobating pleasure and extolling pain arose. To do so, I will give you a complete account of the system and expound the teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one rejects, dislikes or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter extremely painful consequences. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to obtain some advantage? But who has any right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?
[33] On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free hour, when our power of choice is untrammeled and nothing prevents us from being what we like best, every pleasure is welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures must be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man, therefore, always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains.
See also
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References
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- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cibois, Philippe (2012-06-03). "Lorem ipsum: nouvel état de la question". L'Intelligence du Monde. L'Institut français. doi:10.58079/ptrd. Retrieved 2017-04-07.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Adams, Cecil (February 2001). "What does the filler text 'lorem ipsum' mean?". The Straight Dope. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."LaTeX lipsum package". Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."LaTeX blind text package". Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."How to insert sample text into a document in Word". Microsoft Support. 18 September 2011. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Description of the "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet" text that appears in Word Help". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2007-03-22.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cicero, Marcus Tullius; Rackham, H. (1914). De finibus bonorum et malorum (in Latina and English). New York: Macmillan Co. p. 36 (Book I ix 32).
- ^ Before & After 4:2, according to Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Norman Walsh. "Frequently Asked Questions About Fonts". Retrieved 2023-05-12.
External links
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- The original De finibus bonorum et malorum (Book 1) from Cicero, on Latin Wikisource
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