Macron below

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description Template:Infobox diacritic

A̱a̱ḆḇC̱c̱

Macron below is a combining diacritical mark that is used in various orthographies.[1]

A non-combining form is Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+02CD ˍ Script error: No such module "Unicode data".. It is not to be confused with Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+0320 Template:Script/Serif Script error: No such module "Unicode data"., Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+0332 Template:Script/Serif Script error: No such module "Unicode data". and Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+005F _ Script error: No such module "Unicode data".. The difference between "macron below" and "low line" is that the latter results in an unbroken underline when it is run together: compare a̱ḇc̱ and a̲b̲c̲ (only the latter should look like abc).[2]

Unicode

Macron below character

Unicode defines several characters for the macron below:

macron below
combining spacing
character Unicode HTML character Unicode HTML
Template:Char
single		 U+0331 ̱ ˍ
letter		 U+02CD ˍ
Template:Char
double		 U+035F ͟

There are many similar marks covered elsewhere:

Precomposed characters

Various precomposed letters with a macron below are defined in Unicode:

upper case lower case notes
letter Unicode HTML letter Unicode HTML
Ḇ U+1E06 Ḇ ḇ U+1E07 ḇ Used in the transliteration of Biblical Hebrew into the Roman alphabet to show the fricative value of the letter beth (Script error: No such module "Lang".) representing [v], or perhaps [β].
Ḏ U+1E0E Ḏ ḏ U+1E0F ḏ Used in the transliteration of Biblical Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic into the Roman alphabet to show the fricative value of the letter dalet (ד), [ð], and in the romanization of Pashto, it is used sometimes to represent retroflex D. In Dravidian languages' transcription it represents an alveolar /d/.
ẖ U+1E96 ẖ Sometimes used for Arabic Script error: No such module "Lang". ẖāʼ, Hebrew ח‎ heth, Egyptian Script error: No such module "Lang". |(ẖ).
There is no precomposed upper case equivalent of ẖ so it uses a combining macron below instead: H̱.
Ḵ U+1E34 Ḵ ḵ U+1E35 ḵ Used in the transliteration of Biblical Hebrew into the Roman alphabet to show the fricative value of the letter kaph (Script error: No such module "Lang".) representing [x].
Used in Tlingit and Haida (among other Pacific Northwest languages) for the voiceless uvular stop [q]. Close to Korean ㄲ kk; closest English "shocking".
Used optionally in the K-dialect of Māori in the South Island of New Zealand, where an original ng has merged with k. The ḵ indicates that it corresponds to ng in other dialects. There is no difference in pronunciation between ḵ and k.
Ḻ U+1E3A Ḻ ḻ U+1E3B ḻ Used in Pitjantjatjara to represent [ɭ]. One possible transliteration of the Dravidian retroflex approximant /ɻ/ as in Tamil letter ழ. Ḻ is used in the Seri language to represent [l], like English l, while unmodified "l" represents [ɬ], like Welsh ll. It is also used in the proposed Unified Alphabet for Mapudungun.
Ṉ U+1E48 Ṉ ṉ U+1E49 ṉ Used in Pitjantjatjara to represent [ɳ], and in Saanich to represent both plain and glottalized [ɴ]. In the romanization of Pashto, it is used sometimes to represent retroflex N. In Dravidian languages' transcription it represents an alveolar /n/.
Ṟ U+1E5E Ṟ ṟ U+1E5F ṟ Used in Pitjantjatjara to represent [ɻ], and sometimes in the romanization of Pashto to represent the retroflex R. In Dravidian languages' transcription it represents an alveolar trill /r/.
Ṯ U+1E6E Ṯ ṯ U+1E6F ṯ Used in the proposed Unified Alphabet for Mapudungun language representing [t̪]. In the romanization of Pashto, it is used sometimes to represent retroflex T. In Dravidian languages' transcription it represents an alveolar /t/. In the romanization of Arabic this letter is used to transcribe the letter Ṯāʾ.
Ẕ U+1E94 Ẕ ẕ U+1E95 ẕ Used in the 1953 Hebrew Academy Romanization of Hebrew to represent tsade (Script error: No such module "Lang".).
₫ U+20AB ₫ Vietnamese đồng.

Note that the Unicode character names of precomposed characters whose decompositions contain Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+0331 Template:Script/Serif Script error: No such module "Unicode data". use "WITH LINE BELOW" rather than "WITH MACRON BELOW". Thus, Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+1E07 ḇ Script error: No such module "Unicode data". decomposes to Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+0062 b Script error: No such module "Unicode data". and Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+0331 Template:Script/Serif Script error: No such module "Unicode data"..[3]

The Vietnamese đồng currency sign resembles a lower case d with a stroke and macron below: Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+20AB ₫ Script error: No such module "Unicode data". (Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "LoadData".) but is neither a letter nor decomposable.[4]

Use

In Comanche, voiceless vowels are marked with a macron below (these are ⟨a̱⟩, ⟨e̱⟩, ⟨i̠⟩, ⟨o̱⟩, ⟨u̱⟩, and ⟨ʉ̱⟩).[5]

In Swedish, Template:Char is frequently used as a substitute for Template:Char, particularly in handwriting and in prose.[6]

See also

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Combining Diacritical Marks Code Chart, Range: 0300–036F" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."6.2 General Punctuation" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. Version 11.0.0. Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium. 2018. p. 273. ISBN 978-1-936213-19-1. Retrieved 2018-12-12. Spacing Overscores and Underscores. U+203E OVERLINE is the above-the-line counterpart to U+005F low line. It is a spacing character, not to be confused with U+0305 COMBINING OVERLINE. As with all overscores and underscores, a sequence of these characters should connect in an unbroken line. The overscoring characters also must be distinguished from U+0304 COMBINING MACRON, which does not connect horizontally in this way.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Latin Extended Additional Code Chart, Range: 1E00–1EFF" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-11-21.
  5. ^ Ager, Simon. Comanche (nʉmʉ tekwapʉ). Omniglot, 1998-2026
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Varifrån kommer o med streck under?" (in svenska). Språkrådet. 2013-04-14. Archived from the original on 2014-04-02.

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Macron_below&oldid=2751312"