Mahabhashya
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Mahabhashya (Template:Langx, IAST: Script error: No such module "lang"., Script error: No such module "IPA"., "Great Commentary"), attributed to Patañjali, is a commentary on selected rules of Sanskrit grammar from Pāṇini's treatise, the Aṣṭādhyāyī, as well as Kātyāyana's Vārttika-sūtra, an elaboration of Pāṇini's grammar. It is dated to the 2nd century BCE.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[1][2]Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Overview
Patañjali is one of the three most famous Sanskrit grammarians of ancient India, other two being Pāṇini and Kātyāyana who preceded Patañjali (dated to c. 250 BCE). Kātyāyana's work (nearly 1500 verses on Script error: No such module "lang".) is available only through references in Patañjali's work.[3]
It was with Patañjali that the Indian tradition of language scholarship reached its definite form. The system thus established is extremely detailed as to shiksha (phonology, including accent) and vyakarana (grammar and morphology). Syntax is scarcely touched, but nirukta (etymology) is discussed, and these etymologies naturally lead to semantic explanations. People interpret his work to be a defence of Pāṇini, whose Sutras are elaborated meaningfully. Patañjali also examines Kātyāyana rather severely. But the main contributions of Patañjali lies in the treatment of the principles of grammar enunciated by him.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[verification needed]
Kātyāyana introduced semantic discourse into grammar, which was further elaborated by Patañjali to such an extent that Script error: No such module "lang". can be called a mix of grammar as such as well as a philosophy of grammar.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Kāśika-vritti by Jayāditya and Vāmana (mentioned by Itsing) included viewpoints of other grammarians also which did not conform to Patañjali's views.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
The extant Mahābhāṣya text is available on 1228 of the 3981 sūtras of the Aṣṭādhyāyī. The Mahābhāṣya is divided into eighty five sections called āhnika consisting of subject matter of one day's study each.[4]
Mentions and commentaries
- Satyapriya Tirtha (c. 1701 – c. 1744), a pīṭhadhipati of Uttaradi Matha belonging to Dvaita school of Vedanta wrote a commentary on Mahābhāṣya named Mahābhāṣya Vivarana.[5]
- James R. Ballantyne (c. 1813 – c. 1864) published the first part of the Script error: No such module "lang". of Patañjali in 1856, for the first time opening native Indian grammatical tradition to a wider European scholarly audience.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.K. Kunjunni Raja (1970). "Philosophical elements in Patañjali's Mahābhāṣya". In Harold G. Coward; K. Kunjunni Raja (eds.). Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies. Vol. 5 (The Philosophy of the Grammarians). Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 115. ISBN 81-208-0426-0.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Scharf, Peter M. (1996). The Denotation of Generic Terms in Ancient Indian Philosophy: Grammar, Nyāya, and Mīmāṃsā. American Philosophical Society. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-87169-863-6.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peter M. Scharf (1996). The Denotation of Generic Terms in Ancient Indian Philosophy: Grammar, Nyāya, and Mīmāṃsā. American Philosophical Society. pp. 1–2. ISBN 978-0-87169-863-6.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Madhusudan Penna (2013). Vaiyakarana Bhusana Sara (Philosophy of Sanskrit Grammar). NEW BHARATIYA BOOK CORPORATION. pp. preface. ISBN 9788183152136.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sibajiban Bhattacharyya (1970). The Philosophy of the Grammarians, Volume 5. Motilal Banarsidass Publ. p. 359. ISBN 9788120804265.
Bibliography
Editions
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Franz, Kielhorn (1892–1909). The Vyākaraṇa-Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali (2 ed.). Bombay: Government Central Book depot. In Sanskrit.
Secondary Literature
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cardona, George (1997). Pāṇini: A Survey of Research. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. ISBN 978-81-208-1494-3.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Malkovsky, Bradley J. (2001), The Role of Divine Grace in the Soteriology of Śaṃkarācārya, BRILL, ISBN 9004120440
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kahrs, Eivind (1998), Indian Semantic Analysis: The Nirvacana Tradition, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521631884
Further reading
- The Script error: No such module "lang". of Patañjali with annotation (Ahnikas I–IV), Translated by Surendranath Dasgupta, Published by Indian Council of Philosophical Research
- Script error: No such module "lang". of Patañjali (Śrīmadbhagavat-patañjali-muni-Script error: No such module "lang". Prakāśana, 1987–1988., OCLC: 20995237
- Bronkhorst, Johannes, 1992. Pāṇini's View of Meaning and its Western Counterpart. In, Maxim Stamenov (ed.) Current Advances in Semantic Theory. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins. (455–64)
- Scharfe, Hartmut, 1977. Grammatical Literature. Vol. V, Fasc. 2, History of Indian Literature, (ed.) Jan Gonda. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.
- Staal, J.F. (ed.), 1985. A Reader on Sanskrit Grammarians. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass.
External links
- vyaakaraN mahaabhaaShya in Devanagari.
- vyaakaraN mahaabhaaShya in CSX at GRETIL.
- VyaakaraN Mahaabhaashya in Roman transliteration
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