Mainland serow

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Template:Short description

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Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene-Present[1]
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Scientific classification Edit this classification
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Binomial name
Template:Taxon infoTemplate:Taxon italics
(Bechstein, 1799)
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Synonyms
  • Naemorhedus sumatraensis
  • Capricornis milneedwardsii

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The mainland serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) is a species of serow native to the Himalayas, Southeast Asia and China.[2][3]

The mainland serow is related closely to the red serow.[4]

Taxonomy

In 1831, Brian Houghton Hodgson first described a goat-like animal with short annulated horns occurring in montane regions between the Sutlej and Teesta Rivers under the name "Bubaline Antelope".[5] As "Bubaline" was preoccupied, he gave it the scientific name Antelope thar a few months later.[6] When William Ogilby described the genus Capricornis in 1838, he determined the Himalayan serow as type species of this genus.[7]

Teeth from C. sumatraensis were found in a dig from Khok Sung, estimated to originate from the Middle Pleistocene.[8]

Characteristics

The mainland serow possesses guard hairs on its coat that are bristly or coarse and cover the layer of fur closest to its skin to varying degrees. The animal has a mane that runs from the horns to the middle of the dorsal aspect of the animal between the scapulae covering the skin. The horns are only characteristic of the males and are light-colored, approximately six inches in length, and curve slightly towards the animal's back. The mainland serow, both male and female, is around three feet high at the shoulder, and typically weighs around Template:Cvt.[9][10]

Distribution and habitat

The mainland serow occurs in central and southern China, India, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and in the Indonesian island of Sumatra.[2] In Assam, it inhabits hilly forests above an elevation of Template:Cvt, but descends to Template:Cvt in winter.[11] It prefers elevations of Template:Cvt in the Nepal Himalayas.[12] In Tibet, its distribution follows forested mountain ranges.[13]

Behaviour and ecology

The mainland serow is territorial and lives alone or in small groups.[14] They are active at varied times, having peaks of diurnal activity and nocturnal activity.[15] Females give birth to a single young after a gestation period of about eight months.[16]

Fossils from Khok Sung in northeastern Thailand suggest it was a forest dweller in this palaeoenvironment.[17] Dental microwear texture analysis of both living and fossil populations of the Sumatran serow found that it is primarily a browsing herbivore and that its browsing activity is dominated by folivory.[18]

Conservation

The mainland serow is protected under CITES Appendix I.[2]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Suraprasit, K.; Jaegar, J.-J.; Chaimanee, Y.; Chavasseau, O.; Yamee, C.; Tian, P.; Panha, S. (2016). "The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications". ZooKeys (613): 1–157. Bibcode:2016ZooK..613....1S. doi:10.3897/zookeys.613.8309. PMC 5027644. PMID 27667928.
  2. ^ a b c d e Template:Cite iucn
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mori, E.; Nerva, L. & Lovari, S. (2019). "Reclassification of the serows and gorals: the end of a neverending story?". Mammal Review. 49 (3): 256–262. Bibcode:2019MamRv..49..256M. doi:10.1111/mam.12154. S2CID 155777271.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Chinese Serow". Ecology Asia. Archived from the original on 2 September 2022.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hodgson, B.H. (1831). "On the Bubaline Antelope. (Nobis.)". Gleanings in Science. 3 (April): 122–123.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hodgson, B.H. (1831). "Contributions in Natural History". Gleanings in Science. 3 (October): 320–324.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ogilby, W. (1836). "On the generic characters of Ruminants". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 8: 131–140.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Suraprasit, Kantapon; Jaeger, Jean-Jacques; Chaimanee, Yaowalak; Chavasseau, Olivier; Yamee, Chotima; Tian, Pannipa; Panha, Somsak (2016-08-30). "The Middle Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): biochronological and paleobiogeographical implications". ZooKeys (613): 1–157. Bibcode:2016ZooK..613....1S. doi:10.3897/zookeys.613.8309. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 5027644. PMID 27667928.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."serow | mammal | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-09-02.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cunningham, Stephanie. "Capricornis sumatraensis (Sumatran serow)". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2022-09-02.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Choudhury, A. (2003). "Status of serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) in Assam" (PDF). Tigerpaper. 30 (2): 1–2.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Aryal, A. (2009). "Habitat ecology of Himalayan serow (Capricornis sumatraensis ssp. thar) in Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal" (PDF). Tigerpaper. 34 (4): 12–20.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wu, P.; Zhang, E. (2004). "Habitat selection and its seasonal change of serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) in Cibagou Nature Reserve, Tibet". Acta Theriologica Sinica. 24 (1): 6–12.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lovari, S.; Mori, E.; Procaccio, E.L. (2020). "On the behavioural biology of the Mainland Serow: A comparative study". Animals. 10 (9): 1669. doi:10.3390/ani10091669. PMC 7552253. PMID 32948037.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lovari, S.; Mori, E.; Procaccio, E.L. (2020). "On the behavioural biology of the Mainland Serow: A comparative study". Animals. 10 (9): 1669. doi:10.3390/ani10091669. PMC 7552253. PMID 32948037.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sumatran Serow". Encyclopaedia of Life. n.d. Retrieved November 4, 2022.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Suraprasit, K.; Bocherens, H.; Chaimanee, Y.; Panha, S.; Jaeger, J.-J. (2018). "Late Middle Pleistocene ecology and climate in Northeastern Thailand inferred from the stable isotope analysis of Khok Sung herbivore tooth enamel and the land mammal cenogram". Quaternary Science Reviews. 193: 24–42. Bibcode:2018QSRv..193...24S. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.06.004.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Isarankura Na Ayudhya, Jakritip; Merceron, Gildas; Wannaprasert, Thanakul; Jaeger, Jean-Jacques; Chaimanee, Yaowalak; Shoocongdej, Rasmi; Suraprasit, Kantapon (13 September 2022). "Dental mesowear and microwear for the dietary reconstruction of Quaternary Southeast Asian serows and gorals". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10 1000168. Bibcode:2022FrEEv..1000168I. doi:10.3389/fevo.2022.1000168. ISSN 2296-701X.

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