Malayopython

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Malayopython is a genus of constricting snakes in the family Pythonidae. The genus is native to India and Southeast Asia. It contains two species, both of which were previously classified within the genus Python. However, multiple studies recovered these species as distinct. Known as the "reticulatus clade", it was eventually found to be sister to a lineage giving rise to the Indo-Australian pythons rather than the genus Python.[1][2]

Taxonomy

In 1975, American herpetologist Samuel Booker McDowell divided the genus Python into a "molurus group" and "reticulatus group" on the basis of differences in supralabial pits (shallow diagonal slits in the latter, square or triangular in the former) and infralabial pits (shallow and not in a groove in the former, in a groove in the latter), as well as differences in the ectopterygoid and hemipenis. He added New Guinea members of Liasis and Morelia to the reticulatus group.[3] American zoologist Arnold G. Kluge performed a cladistics analysis on morphological characters and recovered a reticulatus lineage as a sister to the genus Python; hence not requiring a new generic name in 1993.[4] In a 2004 genetics study using cytochrome b DNA, Robin Lawson and colleagues recovered the reticulated python as a sister to the Australo-Papuan pythons, rather than Python molurus and its relatives.[5]

The Australian author and snake exhibitor Raymond Hoser erected the genus Broghammerus for the reticulated python in 2004, naming it after the German snake breeder Stefan Broghammer, on the basis of dorsal patterns distinct from those of the genus Python, and a dark mid-dorsal line from the rear to the front of the head, and red or orange (rather than brown) iris colour.[6] In 2008, Lesley Rawlings and colleagues reanalysed Kluge's morphological data and combined them with genetic material, and found the reticulated clade to be an offshoot of the Australo-Papuan lineage as well. They adopted and redefined the genus name Broghammerus.[7] R. Graham Reynolds and colleagues in 2014 also confirmed the clade's place as a sister to the Australo-Papuan pythons, but coined the name Malayopython rather than recognizing Broghammerus, stating that they considered Broghammerus to be "invalid" due to it originating from "non-peer reviewed writing that included no formal data or analyses".[8] They cited a 2013 publication by H. Kaiser and colleagues who had taken the position that Broghammerus and various other names proposed by Hoser (and one other author of Australian publications) "should not be used in herpetological nomenclature, pending suitable action by the ICZN" (the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature).[9] ICZN Commissioner Frank Krell later wrote in 2021 that Kaiser's publication was a "well-supported proposal" and that the voluntary decision by herpetologists to ignore and overwrite Hoser's names seemed the appropriate "way forward".[10] Malayopython has thus become the generally accepted name in the herpetological community by institutions such as IUCN, ITIS, and The Reptile Database. ITIS identifies Broghammerus as an invalid nomen nudum.[11]

Species

Species Image IUCN Red List and geographic range
Reticulated python,
M. reticulatus (Schneider, 1801)[12] 		File:Python reticulatus сетчатый питон-2.jpg Script error: No such module "IUCN_status".

Mainland Southeast Asia and the Malay Archipelago[13]

Timor python,
M. timoriensis (W. Peters, 1876)[14] 		File:Adult Lesser Sundas Python (Python timoriensis).jpg Script error: No such module "IUCN_status".

Indonesia on the Lesser Sunda Islands of Flores, Lomblen and Timor

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Figueroa, A.; McKelvy, A. D.; Grismer, L. L. [in français]; Bell, C. D.; Lailvaux, S. P. (2016). "A species-level phylogeny of extant snakes with description of a new colubrid subfamily and genus". PLOS ONE. 11 (9) e0161070. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1161070F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0161070. ISBN 978-0-643-10674-1. PMC 5014348. PMID 27603205.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Barker, D. G.; Barker, T. M.; David, M. A.; Schuett, G. W. (2015). "A review of the systematics and taxonomy of Pythonidae: an ancient serpent lineage" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 175: 1–19. doi:10.1111/zoj.12267.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.McDowell, S. B. (1975). "A Catalogue of the Snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with Special Reference to Those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part II. Anilioidea and Pythoninae". Journal of Herpetology. 9 (1): 1–79. doi:10.2307/1562691. JSTOR 1562691.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kluge, A. G. (1993). "Aspidites and the phylogeny of pythonine snakes". Records of the Australian Museum (Supplement 19): 1–77.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lawson, R.; Slowinski, J. B.; Burbrink, F. T. (2006). "A molecular approach to discerning the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic snake Xenophidion schaeferi among the Alethinophidia". Journal of Zoology. 263 (3): 285–294. doi:10.1017/S0952836904005278.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hoser, R. (2004). "A Reclassification of the Pythoninae Including the Descriptions of Two New Genera, Two New Species, and Nine New Subspecies. Part II". Crocodilian - Journal of the Victorian Association of Amateur Herpetologists. 4 (4): 21–40.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rawlings, L. H.; Rabosky, D. L.; Donnellan, S.C.; Hutchinson, M. N. (2008). "Python phylogenetics: inference from morphology and mitochondrial DNA" (PDF). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 93 (3): 603–619. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00904.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2019-05-13.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Reynolds, R. G.; Niemiller, M. L.; Revell, L. J. (2014). "Toward a tree-of-life for the boas and pythons: multilocus species-level phylogeny with unprecedented taxon sampling". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 71: 201–213. Bibcode:2014MolPE..71..201G. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.011. PMID 24315866.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kaiser, H.; Crother, B.I.; Kelly, C.M.; Luiselli, L.; O'Shea, M.; Ota, H.; Passos, P.; Schleip, W.D.; Wüster, W. (2013). "Best Practices: In the 21st Century, Taxonomic Decisions in Herpetology are Acceptable Only When Supported by a Body of Evidence and Published via Peer-Review". Herpetological Review. 44 (1). Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles: 8–23.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Krell, Frank-Thorsten (2021-04-30). "Suppressing works of contemporary authors using the Code's publication requirements is neither easy nor advisable". The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 78 (1): 61–67. doi:10.21805/bzn.v78.a021. ISSN 0007-5167.
  11. ^ https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=1094034
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schneider, J. G. (1801). "Boa Reticulata". Historiae Amphibiorum naturalis et literariae Fasciculus Secundus continens Crocodilos, Scincos, Chamaesauras, Boas, Pseudoboas, Elapes, Angues, Amphisbaenas et Caecilias. Jenae: Wesselhoeft. pp. 264−266. (Boa reticulata, new species). (in Latin).
  13. ^ Template:Cite iucn
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Peters, W. P. (1876). "Serpentes". Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. 1876 (August): 533–534. (Liasis amethystinus var. timoriensis, new variety). (in German).

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