Manche

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Manche
Department
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From top down, left to right: Mont-Saint-Michel, Watchtowers in Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, Islands of Chausey and Château de Gratot
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Flag
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Coat of arms
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Location of Manche in France
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CountryFrance
RegionNormandy
PrefectureSaint-Lô
SubprefecturesAvranches
Cherbourg
Coutances
Government
 • President of the Departmental CouncilJean Morin[1] (DVD)
Area
1
 • Total
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Population
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Population
 (Template:France metadata Wikidata)Template:France metadata Wikidata
 • Total
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 • Rank53rd
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Template:Pluralize from textManchois,
ManchotsTemplate:Pluralize from text
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
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ISO 3166 codeFR-50
Department number50
Arrondissements4
Constituency4
Cantons27
Intercommunality8
Communes445
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Manche (/mɒ̃ʃ/; Script error: No such module "IPA".; Norman: Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a coastal French department in Normandy on the English Channel, which is known as Script error: No such module "Lang"., literally "the sleeve", in French. Manche is bordered by Ille-et-Vilaine and Mayenne to the south, Orne and Calvados to the east, the English Channel to the west and north and by sharing maritime borders with the Crown Dependencies of Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey of the United Kingdom to the west. It had a population of 497,522 in 2023.[2]

History

Manche is one of the original 83 Departments of France, established during the French Revolution on 26 February 1790. It was created from part of the province of Normandy.

The capital was Coutances until 1796, and it resumed that role after World War II because of the almost complete destruction of Saint-Lô during the Battle of Normandy following D-Day. When Saint-Lô was rebuilt, it once again became the capital.

Geography

File:Carteroute50.jpg
Map of Cotentin peninsula

The department includes the Cotentin Peninsula down to the famous Mont St Michel. Of the Channel Islands, only the island of Chausey forms part of the territory of the department.

Manche borders the Normandy departments of Calvados to the east and Orne to the southeast. Mayenne, a department of the Pays de la Loire, is to the south-east, and Ille-et-Vilaine in Brittany is to the south-west and it shares maritime borders with Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey of the United Kingdom to the west. The salient of this department is the longest in France. It is also the second longest salient in Europe, after Odesa Oblast in Ukraine.

The region is lush and green with sandy beaches and remains oriented towards farming. The peninsula was originally joined as a single land mass to Cornwall and Dorset in England, meaning that the underlying geological strata of both regions are very similar. However, there are substantial regional differences today in terms of flora and fauna, and farming practices have varied considerably between the United Kingdom and France. Flat marsh areas in the department attract many bird-watchers. The region in and around Saint-Lô is also the equestrian capital of France, where the cooler climate compared to the south is ideal for breeding and training.

France's first EPR nuclear reactor is under construction at Flamanville near Cherbourg and is planned to start operations in late 2023.[3]

Principal towns

The most populous commune is Cherbourg-en-Cotentin; and the prefecture Saint-Lô is the second-most populous. As of 2023, there are six communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:[4]

Commune Population (2023)
Cherbourg-en-Cotentin 78,258
Saint-Lô 19,471
Granville 12,510
La Hague 11,484
Carentan-les-Marais 10,218
Avranches 10,143

Climate

The climate is oceanic with relatively mild winters in which temperatures go below zero only for a few days. Summer temperatures are usually around 20 °C, and can occasionally reach 35 °C in direct sunlight. Precipitation is heavy but varies greatly by region, from 700mm on the coast to 1300mm in the southern central area. Highly localised but not life-threatening flash flooding has been experienced during the last few springs.

The west coast benefits from the influence of the Gulf Stream and this has enabled the naturalization of Mediterranean and exotic plants such as mimosas, palms, and agaves.

There is often a sea breeze on the coast, which combined with tides, contributes to rapid temperature changes in the course of a single day. Sea temperatures can be very pleasant for swimming between June and October.

Demographics

Inhabitants of the department are called Manchots or Manchois in French.

Population development since 1801:

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Politics

The president of the Departmental Council is Jean Morin, elected in July 2021.

Presidential elections, 2nd round

Election Winning candidate Party % 2nd place candidate Party %
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 2022 Emmanuel Macron LREM 59.61 Marine Le Pen FN 40.39
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 2017[6] Emmanuel Macron LREM 67.23 Marine Le Pen FN 32.77
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 2012 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 50.10 François Hollande PS 49.90
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 2007 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 56.17 Ségolène Royal PS 43.83
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | 2002 Jacques Chirac RPR 85.31 Jean-Marie Le Pen FN 14.69

Current National Assembly Representatives

Constituency Member[7] Party
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Manche's 1st constituency Philippe Gosselin The Republicans
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Manche's 2nd constituency Bertrand Sorre Renaissance
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Manche's 3rd constituency Stéphane Travert Renaissance
style="background-color: Template:Party color" | Manche's 4th constituency Anna Pic Socialist Party

Sports

File:Saint-André-de-l'Épine - place principale (3).jpg
A neighbourhood in Saint-André-de-l'Épine
  • Football: main clubs: AS Cherbourg, US Avranches, FC Saint-Lô, US Granville, CS Villedieu, FC Équeurdreville-Hainneville...
  • Cycling: the Tour de France has visited the department 21 times with stages ending at Cherbourg (16), Avranches (2), Granville (1), Saint-Hilaire-du-Harcouët (1), and the Mont-Saint-Michel (1).
  • Sailing: the Solitaire du Figaro has come to Cherbourg several times.
  • Tennis: hosts the Challenger La Manche tournament.
  • Thai boxing: Villedieu-les-Poêles
  • Badminton: Two local clubs compete in the national championship (N3): St Hilaire du Harcouet and Hainneville.
  • Golf: course: Granville, Bréhal, Coutainville, Cherbourg, Centre Manche, Fontenay, Côte des Isles

Tourism

See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in français). 4 May 2022.
  2. ^ a b Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023, INSEE
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Boselli, Muriel (12 January 2022). "EDF delays Flamanville start-up to end 2023 on weld issue". Montel.
  4. ^ Populations de référence 2023: 50 Manche, INSEE
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Historique de la Manche". Le SPLAF.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Résultats élections: Manche". Le Monde.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nationale, Assemblée. "Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français". Assemblée nationale.

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Wikisource has the text of an 1879 American Cyclopædia article about Manche.

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