Mangue language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.

Mangue
Chorotega
Script error: No such module "Lang".
Native toNicaragua, Honduras, Costa Rica, El Salvador
EthnicityMangue, Chorotega, Monimbo
Extinctearly 20th century
Dialects
  • Dirian
  • Nagrandan
  • Choluteca
  • Orotiña
Language codes
ISO 639-3mom
mom
Glottologmoni1237
ELPTemplate:Endangered Languages Project
LinguasphereTemplate:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
 Template:Infobox language/lingualist
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.
  Mangue

Page Template:Infobox/styles-images.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Mangue, also known as Chorotega,[1] is an extinct Oto-Manguean language ancestral to Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras and Costa Rica. Estimates of the ethnic population vary widely, from around 10,000 in 1981,[2] to 210,000 according to Chorotega activists.[3] Chorotega-speaking peoples included the Mangue and Monimbo. The dialects were known as: Mangue proper in western Nicaragua, which was further subdivided into Dirian and Nagrandan; Choluteca in the region of Honduras' Bay of Fonseca; and Orotiña in Costa Rica's Nicoya Peninsula.[4]

The Oto-Manguean languages are spoken mainly in Mexico and it is thought that the Mangue people moved south from Mexico together with the speakers of Subtiaba and Chiapanec well before the arrival of the Spaniards in the Americas.[5] The timing of this migration is estimated to be between 800 and 1350 AD.[6]

In Guaitil, Costa Rica, the Mangue have been absorbed into the Costa Rican culture, losing their language, but pottery techniques and styles have been preserved.[7][8]

Terminology

Some sources list "Choluteca" as an alternative name of the people and their language, and this has caused some (for example Terrence Kaufman 2001) to speculate that they were the original inhabitants of the city of Cholula, who were displaced with the arrival of Nahua people in central Mexico. The etymology for the nomenclature "Chorotega" in this case would come from the Nahuatl language where "Cholōltēcah" means "inhabitants of Cholula", or "people who have fled". The region of southernmost Honduras known as Choluteca, along with Choluteca City, derive their names from this Nahuatl word. Choluteca was originally inhabited by Chorotega groups. Daniel Garrison Brinton argued that the name Chorotega was a Nahuatl exonym meaning "people who fled" given after a defeat by Nahuan forces that split the Chorotega-Mangue people into two groups. He argued that the better nomenclature was Mangue, derived from the group’s endonym mankeme meaning "lords".[1]

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Plosive voiceless p t k
prenasal ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Affricate (ts) (tʃ)
Fricative s h
Nasal m n ɲ
Flap ɾ
Glide w l j

/t, k/ can have allophones [ts, tʃ].

Stop and fricative sounds /p, t, k, s/ can turn voiced [b, d, ɡ, z] after nasal sounds.

Vowels

Three vowels are noted /a, i, u/.[9][10] Allophones are also noted.

Sound Allophone
/i/ [i], [ɪ], [e]
/a/ [a], [æ], [ɛ]
/u/ [u], [o], [ʊ]

Phrases

Brinton[1] gives a list of Mangue words and phrases, some of which are:

The Verb "to be,"

I am, Script error: No such module "Lang"..
Thou art, Script error: No such module "Lang"..
He is, neje sumu.
We are, cis mi muh.

Pronouns.

saho.
My, amba, mba.
He, neje.
She, neja.

Phrases.

Koi murio, It is already dawn.
Koi yujmi, It is already night.
Koi prijpi, It is already growing dark.
Susupusca? How are you?
Ko' mi muya' i ku ? And you, how are you ?
Camo cujmi umyaique, Nasi pujimo camo? There is nothing new; and you, how are you ?
Gusapo, Take a seat
Pami nyumuta, The food is good
Ropia, Come here
Uño I See I
Mis upa'? Where are you going?
Taspo, Yes.
Tapame, Be good.

Brinton also compares the color terms of Mangue and Chiapanec:

Mangue. Chiapanec.
Black, nanzome. dujamä.
White, nandirime. dilimä.
Yellow, nandiume. nandikumä.
Blue or Green nandipame. ndipamä.
Red, arimbome. nduimä.

And a number of Nicaraguan and Costa Rican placenames that come from the Mangue language:

Nindiria (from ninda - shore, diri, hill)
Nakutiri (from naku - fire, diri, hill)
Monimbe (ntimbu - water, rain)
Nandasinmo (nanda - brook)
Mombonasi (nasi - woman)
Masaya
Managua
Namotiva
Norome
Diriamba
Nicoya
Oretina

Notes

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ a b c Daniel G. Brinton. 1886. Notes on the Mangue; An Extinct Dialect Formerly Spoken in Nicaragua Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 23, No. 122 (Apr., 1886), pp. 238-257
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Mangue | Ethnologue".
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."6. Chorotega | Territorio Indígena y Gobernanza".
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Newson, Linda A. (1987). Indian survival in colonial Nicaragua (1st ed.). Norman [OK]: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 28. ISBN 0806120088.
  5. ^ Mariá Teresa Fernández de Miranda and Roberto J. Weitlaner. Sobre Algunas Relaciones de la Familia Mangue. Anthropological Linguistics. Vol. 3, No. 7 (Oct., 1961), pp. 1-99
  6. ^ KS Niemel. 2004. Social change and migration in the Rivas region, Pacific Nicaragua (1000 BC--AD 1522).
  7. ^ Salguero, Miguel (2007) Caminos y veredas de Costa Rica: Pueblos y geografías EUNED, Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia, San José, Costa Rica, page 241, Template:ISBN
  8. ^ Firestone, Matthew D.; Miranda, Carolina A. and Soriano, César G. (2010) Costa Rica (9th edition) Lonely Planet, Footscray, Victoria, Australia, page 276, Template:ISBN
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Quirós Rodríguez, Juan Santiago (2002). Diccionario español-chorotega, chorotega-español. San José: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Krohn, Haakon S. (2022). Fonología del Mangue (Chorotega). Káñina, Vol 46 (3). pp. 7–29.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

References

  • Kaufman, Terrence, (2001) Nawa linguistic prehistory, published at website of the Mesoamerican Language Documentation Project Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  • Fabre, Alain, (2005) Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: OTOMANGUE.[1]
  • McCallister, Rick. Mangue Chorotega Script error: No such module "webarchive"., published on line in 2012 (80+ pages in PDF) (based on Quirós Rodríguez’s compilation with added toponyms, cultural terms, etc.)
  • Constenla Umaña, Adolfo (Author). (1992). "The Languages of the Greater Nicoya". Costa Rican Languages Collection of Adolfo Constenla Umaña . The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America: www.ailla.utexas.org. Media: text. Access: public. Resource: MUL010R001. Script error: No such module "webarchive".

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found.

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Mangue_language&oldid=3088110"