Manidae
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Manidae ("spirits") is the only extant family of pangolins.[5] This family comprises three genera (Manis from subfamily Maninae, Phataginus from subfamily Phatagininae, and Smutsia from subfamily Smutsiinae),[6][7] as well as the extinct Fayum pangolin.[8]
Classification and phylogeny
History of classification
All species of living pangolin had been assigned to the genus Manis until the late 2000s, when research prompted the splitting of extant pangolins into three genera: Manis, Phataginus, and Smutsia.[5][9]
Taxonomy
| Former classification (McKenna & Bell, 1997):[10] | Current classification: |
|---|---|
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Phylogeny
Phylogenetic position of family Manidae within order Pholidota based on Kondrashov & Agadjanian (2012.) study:[9] Script error: No such module "Clade".
Phylogeny within family Manidae based on Wangmo (2025.) study:[11] Script error: No such module "Clade".
See also
References
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- ^ Sean P. Heighton, Rémi Allio, Jérôme Murienne, Jordi Salmona, Hao Meng, Céline Scornavacca, Armanda D. S. Bastos, Flobert Njiokou, Darren W. Pietersen, Marie-Ka Tilak, Shu-Jin Luo, Frédéric Delsuc, Philippe Gaubert (2023.) "Pangolin genomes offer key insights and resources for the world's most trafficked wild mammals"
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The CITES Appendices". Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. CITES. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
- ^ J. E. Gray. (1821.) "On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals." The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15:296-310
- ^ J. E. Gray. (1825.) "An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe." Annals of Philosophy, new series 10:337-344
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gaudin, Timothy (2009). "The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis" (PDF). Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 16 (4). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Science+Business Media: 235–305. doi:10.1007/s10914-009-9119-9. S2CID 1773698. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2021-01-20.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schlitter, Duane A. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 530. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Philippe Gaubert; Agostinho Antunes; Hao Meng; Lin Miao; Stéphane Peigné; Fabienne Justy; Flobert Njiokou; Sylvain Dufour; Emmanuel Danquah; Jayanthi Alahakoon; Erik Verheyen (11 May 2018). "The Complete Phylogeny of Pangolins: Scaling Up Resources for the Molecular Tracing of the Most Trafficked Mammals on Earth". Journal of Heredity. 109 (4): 347–359. doi:10.1093/jhered/esx097. PMID 29140441.
- ^ Daniel Gebo, D. Tab Rasmussen (1985.) "The Earliest Fossil Pangolin (Pholidota: Manidae) from Africa" Journal of Mammalogy 66(3):538
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kondrashov, Peter; Agadjanian, Alexandre K. (2012). "A nearly complete skeleton of Ernanodon (Mammalia, Palaeanodonta) from Mongolia: morphofunctional analysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 32 (5): 983–1001. doi:10.1080/02724634.2012.694319. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 86059673.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.McKenna, M. C.; Bell, S. K. (1997). Classification of Mammals: Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press. p. 631. ISBN 978-0-231-52853-5. Retrieved 2024-09-16.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wangmo, Lenrik Konchok; Ghosh, Avijit; Dolker, Stanzin; Joshi, Bheem Dutt; Sharma, Lalit Kumar; Thakur, Mukesh (2025-01-07). "Indo-Burmese pangolin (Manis indoburmanica): a novel phylogenetic species of pangolin evolved in Asia". Mammalian Biology. 105 (5): 691–698. doi:10.1007/s42991-024-00475-7. ISSN 1616-5047.
External links
- ZSL Pangolin Conservation
- Pangolin: Wildlife summary from the African Wildlife Foundation
- Tree of Life of Pholidota
- National Geographic video of a pangolin
- Proceedings of the Workshop on Trade and Conservation of Pangolins Native to South and Southeast Asia (PDF)
- The Phylogeny of Living and Extinct Pangolins (Mammalia, Pholidota) and Associated Taxa: A Morphology Based Analysis Script error: No such module "webarchive". (PDF)
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bromley, Victoria (Director/Producer), Young, Nora (Narrator/Host), Diekmann, Maria (2018). Nature: The World's Most Wanted Animal. United States: PBS.
- Coronavirus: Revenge of the Pangolins? The New York Times, March 6, 2020.
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