Mato language
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Mato is a minor Austronesian language of northern Papua New Guinea[2] just inside Morobe Province. Mato is also referred to by the names Nenaya, Nengaya, and Nineia.[2] Mato language has two minor variations, Tabares and Remuk, and the two variations are each spoken in three separate villages. While Mato is surrounded by several other languages, this has no effect on the grammar changes within Mato boundaries. The linguistic situation is very stable, due in part to the geographical isolation of the Mato people.[3]
Linguistics
Tabares and Remuk show a cognate similarity of 96% and among cognates there is a regular phonetic variation that occurs in the velar fricative; otherwise, the cognate words are usually pronounced the same. The grammar between the dialects does not vary; when it does differ, the residents of the Mato area said the words could be pronounced either way and that it depended on the preference of the speaker. The only minor difference that separate the variations is the constant phoneme Script error: No such module "IPA"..[3]
(1) Script error: No such module "IPA". → Script error: No such module "IPA". 'door' (Tabares speaker)
Script error: No such module "IPA". → Script error: No such module "IPA". 'door' (Ramuk speaker)
(2) Script error: No such module "IPA". → Script error: No such module "IPA". 'pig' (Tabares speaker)
Script error: No such module "IPA". → Script error: No such module "IPA". 'pig' (Ramuk speaker)
(3) Script error: No such module "IPA". → Script error: No such module "IPA". 'medicine' (Tabares speaker)
Script error: No such module "IPA". → Script error: No such module "IPA". 'medicine' (Ramuk speaker)
Speakers of the Ramuk dialect pronounce Script error: No such module "IPA". as Script error: No such module "IPA". in all environments. In the Tabares dialect, the velar fricative Script error: No such module "IPA". is released as Script error: No such module "IPA". initially and Script error: No such module "IPA". (voiced) intervocalically, except when followed by the high front vowel Script error: No such module "IPA"., where it is also retroflexed Script error: No such module "IPA"..[3]
The front mid-vowel Script error: No such module "IPA". is usually pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA". in word-final heavy syllables, but pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA". elsewhere.
The back mid-vowel Script error: No such module "IPA". is pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA". in closed syllables in just a few words but pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA". elsewhere.
The diphthong Script error: No such module "IPA". is usually pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA". in rapid speech, and the diphthong Script error: No such module "IPA". is usually pronounced Script error: No such module "IPA". in rapid speech.[4]
Consonant phonemes
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | p b | d t | k g | |
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |
| Fricative | s | x | h | |
| Trill | r | |||
| Approximant | w | j | ||
| Lateral | l |
Phonemic inventory
⟨a b d e g h i k l m n ng o p r s t u w x y⟩
⟨A B D E G H I K L M N Ng O P R S T U W X Y⟩[4]
Sentence typology is subject–verb–object (SVO).[2]
References
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- ^ Mato at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lewis, Paul; Simons, Gary; Fennig, Charles. "Mato". Ethnologue. Retrieved 21 September 2016.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stober, Scot (September 2005). "Mato Dialect Survey" (Survey). SIL. Papua New Guinea. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stober, Scott (2005). "Mato Organised Phonology Data". SIL. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
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