Messier 83

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Messier 83
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Messier 83 imaged by the Víctor M. Blanco Telescope in 2024
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationHydra
Right ascensionTemplate:RA[1]
DeclinationTemplate:DEC[1]
Redshift0.001721±0.000013[2]
Heliocentric radial velocity508 km/s[3]
Distance14.7 Mly (4.50 Mpc)[3]
Apparent magnitude (V)7.6[4]Template:R/superscript
Characteristics
TypeSAB(s)c[2]
Size36.24 kiloparsecs (118,000 light-years)
(diameter; 26.0 mag/arcsec2 B-band isophote)[2]
Apparent size (V)12′.9 × 11′.5[5]
Other designations
Template:Odlist[6]

Messier 83 or M83, also known as the Southern Pinwheel Galaxy and NGC 5236, is a barred spiral galaxy[7] approximately 15 million light-years away in the constellation borders of Hydra and Centaurus. Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille discovered M83 on 17 February 1752 at the Cape of Good Hope.[8] Charles Messier added it to his catalogue of nebulous objects (now known as the Messier Catalogue) in March 1781.[8]

It is one of the closest and brightest barred spiral galaxies in the sky, and is visible with binoculars.[9] It has an isophotal diameter at about 36.24 kiloparsecs (118,000 light-years). Its nickname of the Southern[a] Pinwheel derives from its resemblance to the Pinwheel Galaxy (M101).

Characteristics

File:M83 - Southern Pinwheel.jpg
Messier 83 captured by the Wide Field Imager at ESO's La Silla Observatory in September 2008

M83 is a massive, grand design spiral galaxy.[10] Its morphological classification in the De Vaucouleurs system is SAB(s)c,[2] where the 'SAB' denotes a weak-barred spiral, '(s)' indicates a pure spiral structure with no ring, and 'c' means the spiral arms are loosely wound.[11] The peculiar dwarf galaxy NGC 5253 lies near M83,[12] and the two likely interacted within the last billion years resulting in starburst activity in their central regions.[10]

The star formation rate in M83 is higher along the leading edge of the spiral arms, as predicted by density wave theory.[13] NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer project on 16 April 2008 reported finding large numbers of new stars in the outer reaches of the galaxy—20 kpc from the center. It had been thought that these areas lacked the materials necessary for star formation.[14][15]

In April 2025 it was published that first clues were found for the possible existence of a supermassive black hole at the center of M83.[16]Template:R/superscript

Supernovae

Six supernovae have been observed in M83:

Environment

M83 is at the center of one of two subgroups within the Centaurus A/M83 Group, a nearby galaxy group.[34] Centaurus A is at the center of the other subgroup. These are sometimes identified as one group,[35][36] and sometimes as two.[37] However, the galaxies around Centaurus A and the galaxies around M83 are physically close to each other, and both subgroups appear not to be moving relative to each other.[38]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Skrutskie, Michael F.; Cutri, Roc M.; Stiening, Rae; Weinberg, Martin D.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Carpenter, John M.; Beichman, Charles A.; Capps, Richard W.; Chester, Thomas; Elias, Jonathan H.; Huchra, John P.; Liebert, James W.; Lonsdale, Carol J.; Monet, David G.; Price, Stephan; Seitzer, Patrick; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Fullmer, Linda; Hurt, Robert L.; Light, Robert M.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Tam, Robert; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Wheelock, Sherry L. (1 February 2006). "The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS)". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (2): 1163–1183. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1163S. doi:10.1086/498708. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 18913331.
  2. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.De Vaucouleurs, Gerard; De Vaucouleurs, Antoinette; Corwin, Herold G., Jr.; Buta, Ronald J.; Paturel, Georges; Fouque, Pascal (1991). Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies. Bibcode:1991rc3..book.....D.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tully, R. Brent; et al. (August 2016). "Cosmicflows-3". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (2): 21. arXiv:1605.01765. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50. S2CID 250737862. 50.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Messier 83". SEDS Messier Catalog. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 5236. Retrieved 8 December 2006.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."M 83". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 29 November 2009. {{cite web}}: Invalid |mode=Script error: No such module "Citation mode". (help)
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Multimedia Gallery: M83 – Southern Pinwheel Galaxy". NASA/JPL-Caltech/WISE Team. 25 June 2010.
  8. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jones, K. G. (1991). Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-37079-0.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."M 83". messierobjects101.com. 11 October 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
  10. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Calzetti, Daniela; Conselice, Christopher J.; Gallagher, John S. III; Kinney, Anne L. (August 1999). "The Structure and Morphology of the Ionized Gas in Starburst Galaxies: NGC 5253/5236". The Astronomical Journal. 118 (2): 797–816. arXiv:astro-ph/9904428. Bibcode:1999AJ....118..797C. doi:10.1086/300972. S2CID 16296827.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.de Vaucouleurs, Gérard (April 1963). "Revised Classification of 1500 Bright Galaxies". Astrophysical Journal Supplement. 8: 31. Bibcode:1963ApJS....8...31D. doi:10.1086/190084.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Thim, Frank; et al. (June 2003), "The Cepheid Distance to NGC 5236 (M83) with the ESO Very Large Telescope", The Astrophysical Journal, 590 (1): 256–270, arXiv:astro-ph/0303101, Bibcode:2003ApJ...590..256T, doi:10.1086/374888, S2CID 121984029
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Silva-Villa, E.; Larsen, S. S. (January 2012). "The relation between surface star formation rate density and spiral arms in NGC 5236 (M 83)". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 537: 9. arXiv:1111.1249. Bibcode:2012A&A...537A.145S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117432. S2CID 119295019. A145.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Stellar Birth in the Galactic Wilderness". 16 April 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2018.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dong, Hui; et al. (July 2008). "Spitzer Observations of Star Formation in the Extreme Outer Disk of M83 (NGC5236)". The Astronomical Journal. 136 (1): 479–497. arXiv:0804.3632. Bibcode:2008AJ....136..479D. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/479. S2CID 119189782.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hernandez, Svea; Smith, Linda J.; Jones, Logan H.; Togi, Aditya; Meléndez, Marcio B.; Abril-Melgarejo, Valentina; Adamo, Angela; Alonso Herrero, Almudena; Díaz-Santos, Tanio; Fischer, Travis C.; García-Burillo, Santiago; Hirschauer, Alec S.; Hunt, Leslie K.; James, Bethan; Lebouteiller, Vianney (April 2025). "JWST/MIRI Detection of [Ne v] and [Ne vi] in M83: Evidence for the Long Sought-after Active Galactic Nucleus?". The Astrophysical Journal. 983 (2): 154. arXiv:2502.17621. Bibcode:2025ApJ...983..154H. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/adba5d. ISSN 0004-637X.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."SN 1923A". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lampland, C. O. (1923). "Note on a Nova". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 35 (205): 166. Bibcode:1923PASP...35..166L. doi:10.1086/123293.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."SN 1945B". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Liller, W. (1990). "Supernova 1945B in NGC 5236". International Astronomical Union Circular (5091): 2. Bibcode:1990IAUC.5091....2L.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."SN 1950B". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 2 December 2024.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Romaniello, Martino; Patat, Ferdinando; Panagia, Nino; Sparks, William B.; Gilmozzi, Roberto; Spyromilio, Jason (August 2005), "Very Large Telescope FORS1 Imaging Polarimetry of M83 (NGC 5236). I. Search for Light Echoes from Historical Supernovae", The Astrophysical Journal, 629 (1): 250–258, arXiv:astro-ph/0505100, Bibcode:2005ApJ...629..250R, doi:10.1086/431470, S2CID 118978264
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  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bowen, I. S.; Gates, H. S.; Carpenter, E. F. (7 March 1958). Hansen, Julie M. Vinter (ed.). "NOVA IN NGC 5236". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. 1643. IAU, Observatory Copenhagen: 3. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
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  1. ^ Its declination means every day it passes the zenith of the sky at the matching parallel of the earth, which is that of northern Argentina. It can be viewed more than an ideal 15° above the horizon for a further 75° to the north, placing such a northern limit of good observation at the 45th parallel north

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