Methanediol
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| Names | |||
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| Preferred IUPAC name
Methanediol[1] | |||
| Other names
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| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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| Abbreviations | MADOL | ||
| 1730798 | |||
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |||
| CH4O2 | |||
| Molar mass | 48.041 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colourless liquid | ||
| Density | 1.199 g/cm3 [citation needed] | ||
| Boiling point | 194 °C (381 °F; 467 K) at 101 kPa [citation needed] | ||
| Vapor pressure | 16.1 Pa [citation needed] | ||
| Acidity (pKa) | 13.29[2] | ||
Refractive index (nD)
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1.401 [citation needed] | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Flash point | 99.753 °C (211.555 °F; 372.903 K) | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Template:Chembox Footer/trackingTemplate:Short description
Methanediol, also known as formaldehyde monohydrate or methylene glycol, is an organic compound with chemical formula Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.CH2(OH)2. It is the simplest geminal diol. In aqueous solutions it coexists with oligomers (short polymers). The compound is closely related and convertible to the industrially significant derivatives paraformaldehyde (Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.(CH2O)n), formaldehyde (Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.H2C=O), and 1,3,5-trioxane (Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.(CH2O)3).[3]
Methanediol is a product of the hydration reaction of formaldehyde. The equilibrium constant for hydration is estimated to be 103,[4]Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.CH2(OH)2 predominates in dilute (<0.1%) solution. In more concentrated solutions, it oligomerizes to Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.HO(CH2O)nH.[3]
Occurrence
The dianion, methanediolate, is believed to be an intermediate in the crossed Cannizzaro reaction.
Gaseous methanediols can be generated by electron irradiation and sublimation of a mixture of methanol and oxygen ices.[5]
Methanediol is believed to occur as an intermediate in the decomposition of carbonyl compounds in the atmosphere, and as a product of ozonolysis on these compounds.[5]
Safety
Methanediol, rather than formaldehyde, is listed as one of the main ingredients of "Brazilian blowout", a hair-straightening formula marketed in the United States. The equilibrium with formaldehyde has caused concern since formaldehyde in hair straighteners is a health hazard.[6][7] Research funded by the Professional Keratin Smoothing Council (PKSC), an industry association that represents selected manufacturers of professional-use only keratin smoothing products, has disputed the risk.[8]
See also
- Orthoformic acid (methanetriol)
- Orthocarbonic acid (methanetetrol)
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Methanediol - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bell, R. P.; McTigue, P. T. (1960). "603. Kinetics of the aldol condensation of acetaldehyde". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 2983. doi:10.1039/JR9600002983.
- ^ a b Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".
- ^ Eric V. Anslyn, Dennis A. Dougherty (2006), Modern physical organic chemistry. University Science Books. Template:ISBN. 1095 pages
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zhu, Cheng; Kleimeier, N. Fabian; Turner, Andrew M.; Singh, Santosh K.; Fortenberry, Ryan C.; Kaiser, Ralf I. (4 January 2022). "Synthesis of methanediol [CH 2 (OH) 2 ]: The simplest geminal diol". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (1) e2111938119. Bibcode:2022PNAS..11911938Z. doi:10.1073/pnas.2111938119. PMC 8740743. PMID 34969838.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Hair Smoothing Products That Could Release Formaldehyde". www.osha.gov. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.SpecialChem. "Industry News".[dead link]
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Golden, R.; Valentini, M. (July 2014). "Formaldehyde and methylene glycol equivalence: Critical assessment of chemical and toxicological aspects". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 69 (2): 178–186. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.03.007. PMID 24709515.
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