Miami accent

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Miami accent
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  • Miami English
  • Miami Hispanic English
Native toUnited States
RegionSouth Florida
EthnicityHispanic and Latino Americans
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Language codes
ISO 639-3–
ELPTemplate:Endangered Languages Project
LinguasphereTemplate:Infobox language/lingualist
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The Miami accent is an evolving American English accent or sociolect spoken in South Florida, particularly in Miami-Dade county, originating from central Miami. The Miami accent is most prevalent in American-born Hispanic youth who live in the Greater Miami area.[1]

Origin

The Miami accent was developed by second- or third-generation Miamians, particularly young adults whose first language was English but were bilingual. Since World War II, Miami's population has grown rapidly every decade partly because of the postwar baby boom. In 1950, the US Census stated that Dade County's population was 495,084. Beginning with rapid international immigration from South America and the Caribbean (exacerbated by the Cuban exodus in the early 1960s), Miami's population has drastically grown every decade since. Many of the immigrants began to inhabit the urban industrial area around Downtown Miami. By 1970, the census stated that Dade County's population was 1,267,792. By 2000, the population reached 2,253,362.[2] Growing up in Miami's urban center, second-, third-, and fourth-generation, Miamians of the immigration wave of the 1960s and 1970s developed the Miami accent.[1][3] It is now the customary dialect of many citizens in the Miami metropolitan area.

In 2023 Florida International University linguistics professor Philip M. Carter and University at Buffalo doctoral student Kristen D’Alessandro Merii argued that the accent qualifies as a distinct regional dialect of American English.[4][5]

Phonology

Template:IPA notice The Miami accent is a native dialect of English and is not a second-language English or an interlanguage. It incorporates a rhythm and pronunciation that are heavily influenced by Spanish, whose rhythm is syllable-timed.[6] Unlike some accents of New York Latino English, the Miami accent is rhotic.

Some specific features of the accent include the following:[7]

  • The Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.GOAT vowel remains backed, unlike the rest of the Southeastern United States: Script error: No such module "IPA". or Script error: No such module "IPA"..
  • Extreme lowering of the Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.FOOT vowel, towards Script error: No such module "IPA"..
  • Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.GOOSE fronting only occurs after coronal consonants (Script error: No such module "IPA".), which have heavy fronting
  • A completed cot-caught merger since 2009, though as recently as 2006 Miami English was reported as having merely a transitional merger of Script error: No such module "IPA". and Script error: No such module "IPA"..
  • The maintenance of Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.PRICE as a diphthong Script error: No such module "IPA"., as opposed to the monophthongal realizations found in parts of the South.
  • Latino speakers may use a much more centralized Page Template:Smallcaps/styles.css has no content.TRAP vowel, approaching Script error: No such module "IPA"..[8]

The Miami accent also stereotypically includes a lack of certain features associated with standard American accents, including:[1][better source needed]

Lexical characteristics

Speakers of the Miami accent occasionally use "calques," which are idioms directly translated from Spanish that may sound syntactically unusual to other native English speakers. For example, instead of saying, "let's get out of the car," someone from Miami might say, "let's get down from the car," which is the standard expression in Spanish "bajar del coche".[1][4]

Other Miami terms especially common among Miami youth, often called "slang," include:[9]

  • "Bring" in place of "has" or "carry" when an item contains another item inside it, e.g., "This cereal brings a free toy inside." Calque of "traer", which is used for that purpose in Spanish but means "to bring".[citation needed]
  • "Chonga": a particular South Florida Hispanic female fashion and associated youth.[9]
  • "Could" in place of "can": The word "could" is conditional, but in Miami, it is often used in place of "can" to describe something that one is allowed to do or able to do.[citation needed]
  • "Drink a pill": Take a pill, a direct translation of the Spanish phrase "tomar una pastilla" because the Spanish verb "tomar" can mean either to drink or to take depending on context.[citation needed]
  • "Eating shit": Literal translation of the Spanish term "comiendo mierda" which typically means that one is not doing anything of importance, or is doing something foolish.[9]
  • "Open(ed) a hole": While most Americans say "Tear/tore a hole in" or "puncture(d)," this literally translates as "opened a hole" in Spanish (abrir un hueco) and Miami-accent English.[citation needed]
  • "¿Que bolá?" and "¿Que vuelta?": Slang terms from Cuba that have no direct translation; they essentially mean "What's up?".[citation needed]
  • "Took the light": Running a yellow light in traffic.[citation needed]

Cubonics

Cubonics is a popular term for Spanglish spoken by Cuban Americans in Miami.[10][11] The term is a play on words of the term Ebonics which refers to African American Vernacular English.[12]

The term for the dialect is rather new but the dialect itself has existed ever since the first Cuban exile to Miami in the 1950s. The dialect is a mix of the English language and Cuban idioms.[13] Use of Cubonics has become so popular in Miami that a knowledge of it is considered necessary by some Cuban Americans. Language researcher Elena M. de Jongh notes that Spanglish is so widely used that court translators need knowledge of it to function proficiently.[14]

Cubonics exists as a form of Spanglish where certain Cuban idioms are preserved in Spanish. When these idioms were translated to English they lost some of their original meaning so to preserve these meanings the phrases were continued to be said in Spanish.[13] Cubonics also consists of the Cuban inflection and use of English words.[15] On some occasions Cuban idioms are directly translated into English, these translations are still considered part of Cubonics.[12]

See also

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Watts, Gabriella (August 26, 2013). "Miami Accents: How 'Miamah' Turned Into A Different Sort Of Twang". WLRN-TV. Archived from the original on August 31, 2013. Retrieved February 1, 2015.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Salomon, Gisela (May 29, 2008). "Miami's Spanish-Speaking Population Outnumber English Speakers". Huffington Post. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 6, 2016. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Miami Speaks Completely Differently From The Rest Of The Country". Business Insider. The Atlantic Cities. September 14, 2013. Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mazzei, Patricia (July 26, 2023). "'Get Down' From the Car. 'Make' the Line. Is Miami English a Dialect?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 31, 2023. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nicoletti, Angela (May 11, 2023). "'Get down from the car' is an expression you'll probably only hear in Miami. New research explains why". FIU News. Archived from the original on July 28, 2023. Retrieved July 28, 2023.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Baro Diaz, Madeline (June 13, 2004). "'Miami Accent' Takes Speakers By Surprise". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on August 20, 2012. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cerny, Jacob E. (May 2009). An In-Depth Phonetic Analysis of the Miami Dialect. Williams College. p. 45.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Carter, Phillip; Valdez, Lydda; Sims, Nandi (May 2, 2020). "New Dialect Formation through Language Contact: Vocalic and Prosodic Developments in Miami English".
  9. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kyle Munzenrieder (April 25, 2014). "Miami Slang Glossary: Pero Like, It's Super-Definitive, Bro". Miami New Times.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Neuliep, James (2009). Intercultural Communication: A Contextual Approach. ISBN 978-1-4129-6770-9.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lipski, John (2008). Varieties of Spanish in the United States. Georgetown University Press. ISBN 978-1-58901-651-4.
  12. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Clary, Mike (1997). "Finding a 'Muy Friquiado' Way to Speak". Los Angeles Times.
  13. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Rodica, Nina (2013). "Spanglish: an English Spanish Language Phenomenon" (PDF). Maribor International Review. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 6, 2023. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."A linguistic analysis of Spanglish: relating language to identity". 2005. Archived from the original on March 26, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Katel, Jacob (August 12, 2013). ""Miami Cubonics": A Ten-Word Guide, According to Palo!'s Steve Roitstein". Miami New Times.

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