Michael Marks
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Michael Marks (Template:Langx; Template:Langx; 1859? – 31 December 1907) was a Polish-Jewish entrepreneur and later a British businessman, who with Thomas Spencer co-founded the retail chain Marks & Spencer.
Biography
Marks was born into a Polish Ashkenazi Jewish family in Słonim, in what was then the multinational Russian Empire (now Grodno Region, Belarus).[1][2][3] He immigrated to Britain around 1882 and moved to Leeds, where a company called Barran was known to employ Jewish immigrants. He married Hannah Cohen at the Great Synagogue on Belgrave Street, Leeds, in 1886.
Marks met Isaac Dewhirst, the owner of a Leeds warehouse, in 1884. A deal was arranged, whereby Marks agreed to buy goods from Dewhirst and sell them in nearby villages. The venture was a success and enabled Marks to raise enough capital to establish a stall in Leeds' open market. At his stall, he used the slogan "Don't Ask the Price – it's a Penny". He also sold goods at Castleford and Wakefield markets.
Marks also made the decision to rent an area at the new covered market in Leeds, which traded six days of the week. Over the next few years, Marks expanded his business and opened similar stalls in covered market halls all over Yorkshire and Lancashire.
Marks & Spencer
In 1894 Marks decided that if he was to expand the business further, he would need a business partner. He initially approached Isaac Dewhirst, who decided against the offer but suggested that his cashier Thomas Spencer might be interested. Spencer decided that the £300 (Error when using Template:Tl: |index=UK-GDP (parameter 1) not a recognized index.[4]) required for a half-share in the business would be a good investment.
The running of the business was split between Spencer, who managed the office and warehouse, and Marks, who continued to run the market stalls. Spencer had developed some important contacts while working for Isaac Dewhirst, and these allowed him to get the best prices for goods by dealing directly with the manufacturers. Together, Spencer and Marks were able to open stores in Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Middlesbrough, Sheffield, Bristol, Hull, Sunderland and Cardiff.
A new warehouse in Manchester was built in 1897. This store became the centre of an enterprise that, by then, included thirty-six branches. New stores had been built in Bradford, Leicester, Northampton, Preston, and Swansea. London had a total of seven branches. On 5 May 1897 Marks was naturalised as a British subject.
In 1903 Marks & Spencer became a limited company. Spencer's original £300 investment had grown to a value of £15,000 (Error when using Template:Tl: |index=UK-GDP (parameter 1) not a recognized index.) and he retired later that year. Michael Marks continued to develop the business until his death at Knolls House, 396 Bury New Road, Salford, on 31 December 1907. He was buried in the Old Jewish cemetery (Hebrew Congregation), Crumpsall,[5] in plot number 1917, on 2 January 1908.[citation needed]
In 1928 long after the death of Marks, his son Simon Marks, later the first Baron Marks of Broughton, laid the foundations for a long tradition. He introduced the "St Michael" brand name in honour of his father, which remained in use until 2000.
See also
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Szydlowska, Katarzyna (2020). The Future Business Strategy of Marks and Spencer. GRIN Verlag. p. 4. ISBN 9783346104281.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Abramson, Glenda (2000). Modern Jewish Mythologies. Hebrew Union College Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780878204748. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bryce, Alan; Wilson, Jamieson (2002). Business Management for Standard Grade. Heinemann Educational Books. p. 44. ISBN 9780435455484. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
- ^ United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth "consistent series" supplied in Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2026). "What Was the U.K. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 1 April 2026.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Immigrant stories: Michael Marks". The Together Plan. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 26 April 2026.
Bibliography
Page Template:Refbegin/styles.css has no content.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Burns, Paul (2008). Corporate Entrepreneurship: Building an Entrepreneurial Organization. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-54263-1.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chislett, Helen (2009). Marks in time : 125 years of Marks & Spencer. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 978-0-297-85873-7.
External links
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