Milking
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Milking is the act of removing milk from the mammary glands of cattle, water buffalo, humans, goats, sheep, and, more rarely, camels, horses, and donkeys. Milking may be done by hand or by machine, and requires the animal to be currently or recently pregnant. The milker may refer either to the animal that produces the milk or the person who milks said animal.[1]
Hand milking
Hand milking is the process of manually squeezing milk from an animal's teats, typically done with two hands to express milk into a bucket. It involves first cleaning the udder and teats, then gripping the base of a teat with your thumb and forefinger to trap milk, and finally squeezing downward with your other fingers to push the milk out.
Machine milking
Most milking in the developed world is done using milking machines.[2] Teat cups are attached to the cow's teats, and then the cups alternate between vacuum and normal air pressure to extract the milk. The milk is filtered and cooled before being added to a large bulk tank of milk for storage.[3]
The average time of milking is 5–7 minutes and a cow can be milked with a machine 2–3 times a day.[4]
The existing robotic milking has allowed cows to have the freedom to decide when to milk, but still needs to make contact with people.[5][6]
A known side effect of machine milking is mastitis in cows.[7] Non-sterile machines can introduce bacteria into the teat and cause infection. Another side effect is physical teat damage by the machine.
Venom milking
The word "milking" is also used by extension to describe the removal of venom from snakes and spiders for the production of antivenom.
Spider venom milking can be done either by manual stimulation or with electrical stimulation. The former causes greater trauma to the spider and the latter produces venom of high quality.[8]
See also
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References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Definition of MILKER". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Farm and Ranch Depot, Farm and Ranch Depot (2022-07-22). "Cow milking equipment". Farm and Ranch Depot. Retrieved 2022-07-22.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Milking, milk production hygiene and udder health". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2022-07-22.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Milking Machines: How to Milk a Cow". www.usdairy.com. Retrieved 2022-07-22.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Robert E. Graves (2004). "A Primer on Robotic Milking". 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. doi:10.13031/2013.16895. ISBN 9781940956152.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Billingsley, John; Visala, Arto; Dunn, Mark (2008), "Robotics in Agriculture and Forestry", Springer Handbook of Robotics, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 1065–1077, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.523.184, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-30301-5_47, ISBN 9783540239574
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Neijenhuis, F. (2011-01-01), "Mastitis Therapy and Contro | Role of Milking Machines in Control of Mastitis", in Fuquay, John W. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences (Second Edition), San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 440–446, ISBN 978-0-12-374407-4, retrieved 2022-07-22
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Oukkache, Naoual; Chgoury, Fatima; Lalaoui, Mekki; Cano, Alejandro Alagón; Ghalim, Noreddine (2013-03-28). "Comparison between two methods of scorpion venom milking in Morocco". Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 19 (1): 5. doi:10.1186/1678-9199-19-5. ISSN 1678-9199. PMC 3707106. PMID 23849043.
External links
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