Monywa

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Monywa
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Capital Town
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Monywa
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Country Myanmar
RegionTemplate:Country data Sagaing Region
DistrictMonywa District
TownshipMonywa Township
Government
 • MayorDr. Thaung Naing (USDP)
Area
 • Capital Town
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Population
 (2014 Census)[1]
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Population
 (2014 Census)[1]
 • Capital Town
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 • Urban
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 • Rural
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 • Religions
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Time zoneUTC+6.30 (MMT)
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Monywa (Template:Langx, MLCTS: Template:Transl; Script error: No such module "IPA".) is a city in Sagaing Region, Myanmar,[3] located 136 kilometres (85 mi) north-west of Mandalay on the eastern bank of the River Chindwin. Monywa is one of the most economically important cities in Myanmar. It is also known as 'Neem City' because many of the city's streets are lined with neem trees.[citation needed]

Climate

Monywa and neighbouring parts of the “Dry Valley” are the only places in Southeast Asia where the hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) occurs.[4][5] The city misses the tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw) classification due to the very high temperatures and resultant high evaporation levels, alongside a long dry season. The semi-aridity has to do with the “Dry Valley” being located in the rain shadow of the Arakan Mountains. Temperatures are very high throughout the year, although the winter months from December to February are significantly milder at around 21 °C or 69.8 °F in January. The early monsoon months from April to July are especially hot, with average high temperatures reaching 38.4 °C (101.1 °F) in April.

Monywa received 139 millimetres or 5.47 inches of rainfall on 19 October 2011. This was a new record for rainfall within 24 hours in October in Monywa for the last 47 years. The previous record was 135 millimetres or 5.31 inches on 24 October 1967.[6]

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Capital status

All government offices of Sagaing Region are located in Monywa, including the regional parliament.[10] The town is generally recognized as the capital of the region.[11][3]

However, groups including the civil society group "Steering Committee for the Return of All Regional Offices to Sagaing City in Accordance with the Constitution" object to this, stating that the use of Monywa as the regional capital is unconstitutional per the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar.[12]

Culture

Monywa is a national hub for poets, and is often described as the center of poetry in Upper Myanmar. The town has served as home to many contemporary poets, including Min Swe Hnit, K Za Win, Kyi Zaw Aye, and Khat Thi.

Transport

River Chindwin at Monywa

Monywa is served by the Mandalay-Budalin branch railway line, but is best reached by bus as the road from Mandalay is in reasonably good shape. Monywa is linked by road to Budalin, Dabayin, Ye-U and Kin-U, and by rail to Sagaing and the Mandalay - Myitkyina line.[13] River transport on the Chindwin has always been important as it is navigable for 640 km (400 mi) to Hkamti during the monsoon season, and most of the year to Homalin.[14] Monywa Airport also serves the area.[15]

Economy

Thanboddhay Pagoda
Market

Monywa is a major centre for trade and commerce and for agricultural produce from the surrounding Chindwin valley, especially beans, oranges, pulses and jaggery (palm sugar). In addition, the local industry includes mills for the production of cotton, flour, noodles, and edible oil. Sausages from Alon called wet udaunk are quite popular, and Budalin longyi (sarong) is known for the strength of the fabric and its checked patterns. Monywa's rough cotton blankets are famous throughout Myanmar (with Monywa providing 80% of the country's blankets for a century),[16] and some can be found sewn up into knapsacks sold to unsuspecting tourists in Bangkok. Other regional crafts include bamboo and reed products, bullock carts and agricultural implements. The village of Kyaukka is well known for its lacquerware utensils for everyday use.

Black market goods from India, especially saris and bicycle parts, pass through Monywa on their way to other parts of Myanmar.

Attractions

Entrance to Monywa

The major tourist attraction in Monywa is Thambuddhe Pagoda , a Buddhist temple with a huge stupa resembling Indonesia's Borobudur. It dates from 1303, although it was reconstructed in 1939. It is said to contain over 500,000 images of Buddha. Close by is the Maha Bodhi Tahtaung Laykyun Sekkya standing Buddha statue, the 3rd tallest statue in the world, at 115.82 metres (a total of 129.23 metres, including the pedestal). This is the focal point of a sprawling site filled with Buddha statues, bodhi trees, and pagodas, established by the Maha Bodhi Ta Htaung Sayadaw in the 1960s. It includes also a 95-metre long reclining Buddha statue.[17]

Another attraction is the Phowintaung cave complex across the Chindwin River, approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Monywa.

Nyaung-gan Bronze Age cemetery, dated to between 1,500 BCE and 500 BCE, in Budalin with bronze tools, ceramics and stone artifacts is 60 minutes travel on a narrow road north of Monywa.[18]

Very few tourists visit Monywa as its facilities are limited.

Education

Technological University (Monywa)

The city is home to several higher education institutions:

  1. Monywa University
  2. Monywa Education College
  3. Monywa University of Economics
  4. Technological University, Monywa[19]
  5. Computer University, Monywa[20]

Healthcare

Monywa has two public hospitals:

  • Monywa General Hospital
  • Monywa Women and Children Hospital

Politics

The insurgent Burmese Communist Party (BCP) was centred in the Monywa area (west of the Chindwin River) for many years. The Myanmar military presence in Monywa remains heavy.[21]

Notable residents

Notes

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2. Department of Population, Ministry of Immigration and Population. May 2015. p. 52. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2018-09-06.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Myanmar Area Codes". Archived from the original on 2009-12-01. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Conflict in Upper Myanmar reaches outskirts of Sagaing capital". Myanmar Now. 14 June 2023.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brzezina, Jachym. "Meteotemplate". Meteotemplate.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Myanmar climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Myanmar weather averages – Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org.
  6. ^ http://www.mrtv3.net.mm/newpaper/2110newsm.pdf[permanent dead link] Page 19 Col 2
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Myanmar Climate Report" (PDF). Norwegian Meteorological Institute. pp. 23–36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NAJAF - Weather data by month". meteomanz. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး အစိုးရအဖွဲ့ရုံး" [Union of the Republic of Myanmar Sagaing Region Government Office]. Retrieved 3 April 2025.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kyaw Kyaw (26 May 2009). "Building bridges to understanding Sagaing Division". New Mandala.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းရဲ့ မြို့တော် "မုံရွာ"ဟု လွှတ်တော်မှာ ဖြေကြားခဲ့တဲ့ ပညာရေးဒုဝန်ကြီးထံကို ကန့်ကွက်စာပေးပို့" [Deputy Minister of Education who asked "Monywa" as capital of Sagaing receives protest]. Voice of Myanmar (in မြန်မာဘာသာ). 6 December 2018.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sr Gen Than Shwe urges officials to collectively strive for turning Sagaing Division into granary of Upper Myanmar Assistance assured to upgrade Monywa-Budalin-Dabayin-YeU-KhinU Road". The New Light of Myanmar, December 3, 2002. Archived from the original on 2009-02-28. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Chindwin River". Encyclopædia Britannica online. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Monywa Airport Profile | CAPA". centreforaviation.com.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sandar Lwin (21 March 2011). "In Monywa, 'market economy' leaves some businesses behind". Myanmar Times. Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Nev World Wonders". Archived from the original on 2015-09-18. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
  18. ^ Once feted by Myanmar's junta, Bronze Age cemetery site returns to the spotlight, Forntier Myanmar.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ministry of Science and Technology". MOST, February 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ministry of Science and Technology". MOST, February 2009. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2009-04-14.
  21. ^ Red dawn: Myanmar’s reborn communist army Frontier Myanmar December 11, 2023 Script error: No such module "webarchive".

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