Morone
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Morone is a genus of temperate basses native to the Atlantic coast of North America and the freshwater systems of the midwestern and eastern United States. Fossil evidence also suggests they inhabited Europe during the Paleogene and Neogene.[2]
Etymology
The word morone is an archaic variation of "maroon".[3] American politician-naturalist Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764-1831) first coined the genus in 1814, describing all four species of "perch of New York" he included under the genus (only two of which still remain classified under the genus today) as having "ruddy", "scarlet", or "reddish, rusty and ochreous" fins.[4] Species of Dicentrarchus were formerly placed in this genus, but can be distinguished by the presence of preopercular spines in Dicentrarchus.[5]
Species
The currently recognized species in this genus are:[6]
| Image | Scientific name | Common name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Morone americana PAQ.jpg | Morone americana (J. F. Gmelin, 1789) | white perch | fresh water and coastal areas from the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario south to the Pee Dee River in South Carolina, and as far east as Nova Scotia, lower Great Lakes, Finger Lakes, Long Island Sound and nearby coastal areas, Hudson and Mohawk River system, Delaware Bay and Chesapeake Bay. |
| File:Morone chrysops1.jpg | Morone chrysops (Rafinesque, 1820) | white bass | widely across the United States |
| File:Yellow bass - Morone mississippiensis from Rend Lake, IL.jpg | Morone mississippiensis D. S. Jordan & C. H. Eigenmann, 1887 | yellow bass | Mississippi River from Minnesota to Louisiana and may also be found in the Trinity River and the Tennessee River. |
| File:Striped Bass in the Baltimore Aquarium.jpg | Morone saxatilis (Walbaum, 1792) | striped bass | Atlantic coastline of North America from the St. Lawrence River into the Gulf of Mexico to approximately Louisiana. |
The following fossil species are also known from Europe:[7]
- †Morone aequalis (Koken, 1891) - Miocene of Germany (=Morone alsheimensis (Meyer, 1859))[8]
- †Morone delheidi (Storms, 1893) - Oligocene of Belgium
- †Morone major (Agassiz, 1844) - Eocene of France
- †Morone shizurus (Agassiz, 1844) - Eocene of Italy
- ?†Morone ubinoi (Fischer von Waldenheim, 1850) - Cenozoic of Greece (nomen dubium)[9]
The fossil species †Morone ionkoi Bannikov, 1993 may be potentially more closely related to Dicentrarchus. Many other fossil Morone species from the former Yugoslavian region likely do not belong to the Moronidae at all.[7]
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2008-01-08.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Grădianu, Ionuț; Bordeianu, Marian; Codrea, Vlad (2023-01-02). "†Dicentrarchus oligocenicus, sp. nov. (Perciformes, Moronidae): the first record of an Oligocene Sea Bass skeleton from Romania, with a revision of †Morone major (Agassiz) from Piatra-Neamţ (Eastern Carpathians)". Historical Biology. 35 (1): 92–101. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2022136. ISSN 0891-2963.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stormonth, James (1879). Phelp, Philip Henry (ed.). Etymological and Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Language (5 ed.). William Blackwood and sons. p. 371.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Scharpf, Christopher (2016-04-20). "The mystery of Morone: Solved at last?". The ETYFish Project. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Grădianu, Ionuț; Bordeianu, Marian; Codrea, Vlad (2023-01-02). "†Dicentrarchus oligocenicus, sp. nov. (Perciformes, Moronidae): the first record of an Oligocene Sea Bass skeleton from Romania, with a revision of †Morone major (Agassiz) from Piatra-Neamţ (Eastern Carpathians)". Historical Biology. 35 (1): 92–101. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2022136. ISSN 0891-2963.
- ^ Script error: No such module "Cite taxon".
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Grădianu, Ionuț; Bordeianu, Marian; Codrea, Vlad (2023-01-02). "†Dicentrarchus oligocenicus, sp. nov. (Perciformes, Moronidae): the first record of an Oligocene Sea Bass skeleton from Romania, with a revision of †Morone major (Agassiz) from Piatra-Neamţ (Eastern Carpathians)". Historical Biology. 35 (1): 92–101. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.2022136. ISSN 0891-2963.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Micklich, Norbert (1996). "Sexual dimorphism in a Lower Miocene moronid?". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 70 (3): 547–554. doi:10.1007/BF02988091. eISSN 1867-6812. ISSN 0031-0220.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Argyriou, Thodoris (2022), Vlachos, Evangelos (ed.), "The Fossil Record of Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii) in Greece", Fossil Vertebrates of Greece Vol. 1: Basal vertebrates, Amphibians, Reptiles, Afrotherians, Glires, and Primates, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 91–142, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-68398-6_4, ISBN 978-3-030-68398-6, retrieved 2025-08-30
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