Mount Kitanglad

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Mount Kitanglad is an inactive volcano[1] located in the Kitanglad Mountain Range in Bukidnon province on Mindanao island. It is the fourth highest mountain in the Philippines and has an approximate height of 2,899 metres (9,511 ft).[Note 1] It is located between Malaybalay and the municipalities of Lantapan, Impasugong, Sumilao and Libona. It is home to one of the Philippines' few remaining rainforests.[2] It is part of the ancestral domain of the Higaonon, the Talaandig, and the Bukidnon people.[3]

Due to its high elevation, several communications and broadcasting companies constructed relay stations at the summit.

Etymology and folklore

Mount Kitanglad is part of the ancestral lands of three Lumad groups: the Higaonon, the Talaandig, and the Bukidnon people. In their common oral legend of Olaging, there was once a great flood that submerged the area leaving only the tips of the mountains visible (a story shared by neighboring Mount Kalatungan). During the flood, the visible portion of Mount Kitanglad resembled a patch of tanglad (lemongrass), an important medicinal plant, and was thus named "Kitanglad" (also spelled "Katanglad") by the legendary datu Agbibilin.[3]

Agbibilin is said to have four sons, each of the sons were the ancestors of the modern-day Manobo; the Maranao; the Maguindanao; and finally the three groups native to Kitanglad: the Higaonon, Talaandig, and Bukidnon. The four brothers and their tribes were constantly at war with each other over territory, until Agbibilin commanded them to settle their dispute by delineating their territories. They met at a house in Barabyas, Tikalaan (in Talakag, southwest of Kitanglad) and performed the peace pact ritual (Tampuda ho Balagon). In the pact, the brothers marked territories to prevent further war, using rivers and peaks of mountain ranges (tagaytay). Mount Kitanglad as well as northern Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental went to the Higaonon-Talaandig-Bukidnon group.[3]

According to the Mines and Geosciences Bureau Lands Geological Survey Division, Mount Kitanglad was also known to the Spanish as Mount Alanguilan, from an 1850 Spanish military sketch of a Moro encampment in the summit overlooking the "Rio de Cumaycay" (which is the Kumaykay River in Dahilayan, Manolo Fortich) during the Spanish-Moro Wars.[4] The name is from Tagalog Script error: No such module "Lang"., referring to the ylang-ylang tree (Cananga odorata).[5]

Conservation

Mount Kitanglad was proclaimed a protected area under the natural park category through Presidential Proclamation 896 dated October 24, 1996.[6] On November 9, 2000, Mount Kitanglad finally became a full-fledged protected area when Congress approved Republic Act 8978 also known as the "Mt. Kitanglad Range Protected Area Act of 2000."[7]

Mount Kitanglad hosts over 600 rare and endemic species, including the Philippine tarsier and the Rafflesia schadenbergiana, the world's second largest flower.[8] It is a nesting place for the critically endangered Philippine eagle.[9] Other endemic species that are found here are the pygmy fruit bat Alionycteris paucidentata and two native mice, Katanglad shrew-mouse and Gray-bellied mountain rat.[2]

In 2009, Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park (MKRNP) was declared as an ASEAN Heritage Park.[10]

Ancestral domain

Mount Kitanglad is part of the ancestral domain of three major Indigenous groups: the Talaandig, Higaonon, and Bukidnon peoples.[8] Indigenous communities are working to have Mount Kitanglad recognized as Indigenous peoples' and community conserved territories and areas to enforce Indigenous customary rules on the mountain range.[11]

See also

Notes

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  1. ^ Cite error: The named reference elevation was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

References

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  1. ^ PHIVOLCS' List of Inactive Volcanoes Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The spirits, flora, fauna thrive in Mount Kitanglad". MindaNews. December 15, 2010. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Canoy, Easterluna Luz S.; Suminguit, Vellorimo J. (2001). "The Indigenous Peoples of Mt. Kitanglad Range Natural Park" (PDF). Social Watch Annual Report 2001: 62–74.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Featured Document of the Month for October 2022". National Archives of the Philippines. Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."alangilan". Tagalog.com. Retrieved April 13, 2025.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Proclamation No. 896, s. 1996". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on March 8, 2019. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."R.A. No. 8978: An Act Declaring the Mt. Kitanglad Range in the Province of Bukidnon as a Protected Area and its Peripheral Areas as Buffer Zones, Providing for its Management and for Other Purposes". The Corpus Juris. November 9, 2000. Archived from the original on August 2, 2018. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
  8. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park". Forest Management Bureau.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Panlilio, Cai (October 7, 2013). "Tribal folk guard sacred Mount Kitanglad". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.De Vera, Ellalyn B. (November 2, 2009). "Mount Kitanglad named an ASEAN Heritage Park". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved April 29, 2010.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Proclamation of Mt. Kitanglad (The Philippines) as an ICCA". ICCA Consortium. September 5, 2013. Retrieved June 21, 2020.

Further reading

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