Munger

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Munger
City
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Yoga Nagri[1]
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CountryFile:Flag of India.svg India
StateBihar
DistrictMunger
Established1834
Founded byChandragupta II
Government
 • TypeMunicipal Corporation
 • BodyMunger Nagar Nigam
 • MayorKumkum Devi
 • Municipal CommissionerSivakshi Dixit (IAS)
 • MLA, MungerPranav Kumar (BJP)
Area
[2]
 • Total
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Elevation
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Population
 (2011)[3]
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Population
 (2011)[3]
 • Total
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 • Rank11th in Bihar
 • DensityScript error: No such module "ConvertIB".
Template:Pluralize from textMungeriTemplate:Pluralize from text
Language
 • OfficialHindi[4]
 • Additional officialUrdu[4]
 • RegionalHindi, English, Angika, Maithili[5]
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
811201 to 811214, 813201[6]
Telephone code+91-6344
Vehicle registrationBR-08
Websitemunger.nic.in

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Munger, formerly spelt as Monghyr,[7] is a twin city and a Municipal Corporation situated in the Indian state of Bihar.[8] It is the administrative headquarters of Munger district and Munger Division. Munger was one of the major cities in Eastern India and undivided Bengal during Mughal period and British Raj. It is one of the major political, cultural, educational and commercial centers of Bihar and Eastern India. Munger is situated about Template:Cvt east of capital city Patna, about Template:Cvt west of Eastern India's largest city Kolkata and Template:Cvt from country's capital New Delhi.

Historically, Munger is known for being an ancient seat of rule. The twin city comprises Munger and Jamalpur situated on the southern bank of the river Ganges.[9] It is situated Template:Cvt from Jamalpur Junction, Template:Cvt east of capital city Patna and Template:Cvt from Kolkata the capital of West Bengal.

File:Gangariver 23220.jpg
Kastaharni Ghat

Munger is said to have been founded by the Guptas (4th century CE) and contains a fort that houses the tomb of the Muslim saint Shah Mushk Nafā (died 1497). In 1763, the Nawab of Bengal Mir Qasim made Munger his capital and built an arsenal and several palaces. It was constituted a municipality in 1864.

History

In classical period (4th-5th century), Munger was known as "Guptagadh" or "Guptagarh". The inscription was found inscribed on a rock at the kasta-harani ghat at the north-western side of the present fort.[10] Guptagadh was founded by Chandragupta Vikramaditya.[11] In early medieval times, Munger was known as Mudgagiri (Sanskrit Script error: No such module "lang"., with no diacritics).[12]Template:Rp The name is derived from Sanskrit mudga, referring to the mung bean, plus giri, meaning hill.[13]Template:Rp Mudgagiri was a royal residence of the Pala Empire. Sometime in the mid-800s, there was a significant battle fought at Mudgagiri between the Palas (possibly under Narayanapala) and the Pratiharas, possibly under Mihira Bhoja. Another Pratihara dynast, a feudatory ruler named Kakka, also took part in the battle, which was part of a Pratihara invasion of Bengal. Later, Munger was mentioned (as Mudgiri) as the residence of the Pala ruler Ramapala. In the 1100s, Mudgagiri seems to have been under Sena rule. A copper plate grant of the Gahadavala ruler Govindachandra indicates that he advanced as far as Mudgagiri in April 1146, and bathed in the Ganges here on the day of Akshaya Tritiya. According to R. D. Banerji, Govindachandra was likely leading a military expedition to Bengal at that point, and the expedition was evidently unsuccessful, leaving eastern Magadha under Sena control.[14]Template:Rp

Historically, Munger was located at a strategic bottleneck controlling the main route into Bengal from the west. To the south, travel was impeded by the steep hills; to the north, the numerous Ganges tributaries were the main obstacle.[15]Template:Rp

At the end of 12th century, Munger, along with Patna, was conquered by Bakhtiyar Khalji. The region served as a province of Bengal until 1330 before its annexation by Muhammad Tughlaq. From 1397 Munger was part of the Jaunpur Sultanate till Sikander Lodi overrun Bihar before 1499. Treaty was concluded between Delhi and Bengal, which allowed Alauddin Hussain Shah to retain the region of Bihar. In 1521, Nusrat Shah annexed few forts of Munger. Later it was captured by Sher Shah Suri. From 1545 till Akbar's invasion of Bengal, Munger remained in the hands of Karrani dynasty. The region remained under Muslim rule until British occupation of Bihar in 1760's.[16]

Maharshi Nagendranath Bhaduri pursued intense spiritual practices in solitude, especially Hathayoga and Pranayam, in a lonely cave in Monghyr and attained salvation there.[17] He also known as Bhaduri Mahasaya, was an Indian yogi famously referred to as "The Levitating Saint" by Paramahansa Yogananda in his book Autobiography of a Yogi.The chapter which describes Bhaduri Mahasaya is titled "The Levitating Saint".[18]

Geography

Climate

The climate of Munger is subtropical (warm in summer and cold during winter). The Köppen climate classification sub-type for this climate is humid subtropical.[19] Script error: No such module "weather box".

Demographics

As per 2011 census, Munger Municipal Corporation has a total population of 213,101 out of which 113,173 were males and 99,928 were females. It had a sex ratio of 883. The population between 0 and 6 years was 29,260. The literacy rate of the 7+ population was 81.83 per cent.[20]

Religion in Munger
Religion
Hinduism
 
 81.01%
Islam
 
 18.02%
Christians
 
 0.20%
Sikhism
 
 0.04%
Others
 
 0.34%
Distribution of religions[21]

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Economy

Munger, along with Jamalpur are the major industrial cities in Bihar.[22] Munger is also one of the most prosperous cities in Bihar with a per capita income of INR 42,793 in FY 2020–21.[23]

Indian Railways operates of Asia's largest and oldest railway workshops at Jamalpur. This was set up by the British Raj in 1862.[24]

Munger has also ITC Factory established by the British. Ordinance Gun Factory Munger, ITC Milk Dairy and many others.[1]

Culture

Munger is known for Sita Manpatthar (Sita charan) Sitacharan temple situated on a boulder in the middle of the Ganges in Munger (Anga Region) is the main center of public faith regarding Chhath festival. It is believed that Mata Sita performed the Chhath festival in Munger. It was only after this that Chhath Mahaparv started. That is why Chhath Mahaparva is celebrated with great pomp in Munger.[25] Munger is also famous for Durga Puja Mahotsav which is celebrated for 10 days. The first nine days are celebrated with great fervor across the city. On the 10th day evening, one side rushes to the Polo Grounds for Ravan Badh, while the other side prepares for a unique ritual known as "Shobha Yatra." The “Shobha Yatra of Badi Durga of Shadipur” marks the importance of Badi Durga of Munger all over the country. People from all over the city join this yatra, and the deity is immersed early in the morning in the holy river Ganges.

Places of interest

Transport

Rail

File:MungerRailwayStation.jpg
Munger Railway Station

Munger has two railway stations: Jamalpur Junction and Munger Railway Station. The former is the main railhead for the city while the latter, which was earlier called Purabsarai Railway Station, acts as suburban facility. Stations are connected with Sahibganj Loop.

The rail system provides connection to cities such as New Delhi, Mumbai,Surat, Yesvantpur Junction, Jamshedpur, Jammu Tawi, Dibrugarh, Guwahati, Lucknow, Patna, Ranchi, Agartala, Hyderabad, Deoghar Junction, Muzaffarpur Junction and Dhanbad. The Munger Ganga Bridge, which takes both rail and road-traffic, connects Munger to the nearby cities of Begusarai, Saharsa Junction, Katihar and Khagaria Junction as well as various districts of North Bihar.[34] The bridge is the third-largest rail-cum-road bridge in India.[35]

Road

Munger is connected to major parts of India by various National and State Highways. The major cities of Bihar and Jharkhand - such as Patna, Ranchi, Bhagalpur, Purnia, Katihar, Bihar sharif, Muzaffarpur, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Gaya, Bokaro and Darbhanga - can be reached by Template:Jct, Template:Jct, Template:Jct, Template:Jct and Template:Jct and various state Highways. Regular bus service are provided by BSRTC for all the major cities and other destinations. Citybuses, Taxies, Autorikshaw, E-Rickshaw, etc. are available all the times in the entire city for transportation. Munger Bhagalpur Ganga Path 4lane road is also under construction.

File:Munger Ganga Rail Road Bridge.jpg

The Munger Ganga Bridge links Munger to various districts of North Bihar and north-eastern India by 2021.[citation needed]

Air

Munger Airport is located in Safyabad, which is 5 km from Munger. It was re-inaugurated by Chief Minister Nitish Kumar on 24 May 2016.[36][37] Munger has no international airport with commercial service. Domestic airport with commercial service is Jay Prakash Narayan Airport in Patna around 180 km away, which is served by all major airlines.

The nearest international airport is Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata, which is around 480 km away.

Education

Notable people

See also

References

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  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."MUNGER Pin Code - 811201, Munger All Post Office Areas PIN Codes, Search MUNGER Post Office Address". ABP Live. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
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Bibliography

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Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article "Monghyr".

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