NGC 1365

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NGC 1365
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NGC 1365 imaged by the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationFornax
Right ascensionTemplate:RA[1]
DeclinationTemplate:DEC[1]
Redshift0.005457±0.000003[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity1,636±1 km/s[1]
DistanceTemplate:CvtTemplate:Hub
(Light-travel)
Group or clusterFornax Cluster
Apparent magnitude (V)10.3[1]
Characteristics
Type(R')SBb(s)b[1]Template:R/superscript
SizeTemplate:Cvt
(diameter; 2MASS K-band total and D25.5 B-band isophotes)[1]
Apparent size (V)11.2′ × 6.2′[1]
Other designations
Template:Odlist

NGC 1365, also known as the Fornax Propeller Galaxy[2]Template:R/superscript or the Great Barred Spiral Galaxy,[3]Template:R/superscript is a double-barred spiral galaxy about 56 million light-years away[4]Template:R/superscript in the constellation Fornax. It was discovered by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop on 2 September 1826.[5]Template:R/superscript

Characteristics

NGC 1365 is a large barred spiral galaxy in the Fornax Cluster. Within the larger long bar stretching across the center of the galaxy appears to be a smaller bar that comprises the core, with an apparent size of about 50Template:Pprime × 40Template:Pprime.[6]Template:R/superscript This second bar is more prominent in infrared images of the central region of the galaxy, and likely arises from a combination of dynamical instabilities of stellar orbits in the region, along with gravity, density waves, and the overall rotation of the disc. The inner bar structure likely rotates as a whole more rapidly than the larger long bar, creating the diagonal shape seen in images.

The spiral arms extend in a wide curve north and south from the ends of the east–west bar and form an almost ring like Z-shaped halo.[6] Astronomers think NGC 1365's prominent bar plays a crucial role in the galaxy's evolution, drawing gas and dust into a star-forming maelstrom and ultimately feeding material into the central black hole.[7]Template:R/superscript

NGC 1365, including its two outer spiral arms, spreads over around 300,000 light-years. Different parts of the galaxy take different times to make a full rotation around the core of the galaxy, with the outer parts of the bar completing one circuit in about 350 million years. NGC 1365 and other galaxies of its type have come to more prominence in recent years with new observations indicating that the Milky Way could also be a barred spiral galaxy. Such galaxies are quite common — two thirds of spiral galaxies are barred according to recent estimates, and studying others can help astronomers understand our own galactic home.[8]Template:R/superscript

Supernovae

Four supernovae have been observed in NGC 1365:

Supermassive black hole

The central supermassive black hole in the active nucleus, which has a mass of about 2 million solar masses or half the mass of the Milky Way's central black hole Sagittarius A*, rotates at close to the speed of light. These observations, announced in February 2013, were made using the X-ray telescope satellite NuSTAR.[20]Template:R/superscript[21]Template:R/superscript

The location of NGC 1365 in the sky

As seen from earth, the location of NGC 1365 is one and a half degrees eastward of STAR 2 (Philip S. Harrington's STAR 2) which is a telescopic asterism in the shape of a triangle, composed of the stars Chi 1-2-3 Fornacis (χ 1-2-3 Fornacis).

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Results for object NGC 1365". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. NASA and Caltech. Retrieved 15 April 2026.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stoyan, Ronald; Schurig, Stephan (2014). interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas. Erlangen: Cambridge University Press; Oculum-Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-1-107-50338-0. OCLC 920437579.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Garlick, Mark A. (2004). Astronomy: A Visual Guide. Firefly Books. p. 293. ISBN 978-1-55297-958-7.
  4. ^ NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, J. Lee (STScI), T. Williams (Oxford), PHANGS Team https://esawebb.org/images/weic2403f/
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 1365". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  6. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kepple, George Robert; Glen W. Sanner (1998). The Night Sky Observer's Guide. Vol. 1. Willmann-Bell, Inc. p. 198. ISBN 978-0-943396-58-3.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."APOD: 2018 December 28 - NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe". NASA. 28 December 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2019. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."An Elegant Galaxy in an Unusual Light". European Southern Observatory. 22 September 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2019. File:CC-BY icon.svg Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.WHIPPLE, F. L. (1958). "Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics". Smithsonian Libraries and Archives. Retrieved 3 August 2025.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.admin. "NGC 1365: The Great Barred Spiral Galaxy | Constellation Guide". Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."SN 1957C". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mattei, J.; Cragg, T.; Evans, R. (1983). "Supernova in NGC 1365". International Astronomical Union Circular (3895): 1. Bibcode:1983IAUC.3895....1M.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lindblad, P. O.; Grosbol, P. (1983). "Supernova in NGC 1365". International Astronomical Union Circular (3897): 1. Bibcode:1983IAUC.3897....1L.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."SN 1983V". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Supernova 2001du in NGC 1365". www.rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Evans, R.; Bock, G.; Marples, P.; Garradd, G. J.; Salvo, M.; Schmidt, B.; Ashley, M.; Phillips, A.; Stubbs, C.; Francis, P.; Hale, A. (2001). "Supernova 2001du in NGC 1365". International Astronomical Union Circular (7690): 1. Bibcode:2001IAUC.7690....1E.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."SN 2001du". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Klotz, A.; Maury, A.; Childress, M.; Zhou, G.; Tucker, B.; Bayliss, D.; Scalzo, R.; Yuan, F.; Schmidt, B.; Buil, C. (2012-10-01). "Supernova 2012fr in NGC 1365 = Psn J03333599-3607377". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams (3275): 1. Bibcode:2012CBET.3275....1K.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."SN 2012fr". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 15 April 2026.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Reynolds, Christopher (2013). "Astrophysics: Black holes in a spin". Nature. 494 (7438): 432–433. Bibcode:2013Natur.494..432R. doi:10.1038/494432a. PMID 23446411. S2CID 205076505.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Risaliti, G.; Harrison, F. A.; Madsen, K. K.; Walton, D. J.; Boggs, S. E.; Christensen, F. E.; Craig, W. W.; Grefenstette, B. W.; Hailey, C. J.; Nardini, E.; Stern, Daniel; Zhang, W. W. (2013). "A rapidly spinning supermassive black hole at the centre of NGC 1365". Nature. 494 (7438): 449–451. arXiv:1302.7002. Bibcode:2013Natur.494..449R. doi:10.1038/nature11938. PMID 23446416.

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