Natolinians
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Natolinians Natolińczycy | |
|---|---|
| Leader | Zenon Nowak Aleksander Zawadzki Stefan Jędrychowski Mieczysław Moczar Kazimierz Mijal |
| Founded | February 1956 |
| Dissolved | Script error: No such module "Date time". |
| Ideology | Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content. |
| Political position | Far-left |
| National affiliation | PZPR |
The Natolinians, or the Natolinian faction[1] (Template:Langx), were a grouping within the leadership of the communist Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR).[2] Formed around 1956,[3] shortly after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, it was named after the palace where its meetings were held, in Warsaw's Natolin district.[4]
The main opposition to the Natolinians were the reformist Puławians, who included many PZPR members of Jewish extraction.[5]
The Natolinians opposed the post-Stalinist liberalization program (the Polish October "thaw") and, as part of their strategy to seek power, voiced simplistic nationalist and pro-Soviet slogans.[6] The best-known Natolinians included Franciszek Jóźwiak, Wiktor Kłosiewicz, Zenon Nowak, Aleksander Zawadzki, Franciszek Mazur, Władysław Kruczek, Kazimierz Mijal, Władysław Dworakowski, and Hilary Chełchowski.[7] The Natolinian faction was also supported by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev because of their pro-Soviet stance.[8]
After the 8th Plenum of the Central Committee of the PZPR, in October 1956, the Natolinians suffered a major setback when the First Secretary of the PZPR, Władysław Gomułka, chose to back (and be backed by) the Puławians.
Both factions, the Natolinians and the Puławians, disappeared from the political scene in the late 1950s.[9]
Witold Jedlicki described the struggle between the Natolinians and the Puławians in his booklet, Simpletons and Yids (Chamy i Żydy).[10]
References
- ^ Rowiński, JanPage Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content., Jaskułowski, Tytus (2007). The Polish October 1956 in World Politics. Polish Institute of International Affairs. p. 22. ISBN 978-83-89607-21-8.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stasiński, Maciej (26 February 2018). "Natolińczycy, puławianie, partyzanci. Frakcje polityczne w PZPR" [Natolians, Puławians, Partisans: Political Factions in the PZPR]. wyborcza.pl (in polski). Retrieved 22 February 2019.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Natolińczycy | Wirtualny Sztetl". sztetl.org.pl. Retrieved 2019-02-22.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pisze, Realan (7 April 2018). "Natolińczycy, puławianie, komandosi, rewizjoniści, syjoniści, Dziady / Jacek Jadacki, "Wielkopolski Kurier WNET" 46/2018". WNET.fm (in polski). Retrieved 2019-02-22.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Komunizm w Polsce: zdrada, zbrodnia, zakłamanie, zniewolenie (in polski). Kluszczyński. 2005. ISBN 9788374470292.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bryk, Andrzej (2008-01-16). Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe 2008/1: The United States, the European Union and Modernity. Oficyna Wydawnicza AFM Krakowskie Towarzystwo Edukacyjne Sp. z o.o.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zblewski, Zdzisław (2001). Leksykon PRL-u (in polski). Wydawn. Znak. ISBN 978-83-240-0010-4.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Poland: The Party and the Jews". Commentary Magazine. 1968-09-01. Retrieved 2025-03-25.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jedlicki, Witold (1981). Chamy i Żydy (in polski). Studenckie Wydawnictwo "Vacat" przy NZS Politechniki Gdańskiej.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jedlicki, Witold (1980). "Chamy" i "Żydy" (in polski). Wydawnictwo Krąg.
